ESTIMATION OF SOUNDING ABILITY OF A BRILLOUIN LIDAR IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

Vertical profiles of sound speed in the sea can be measured by using laser excited Brillouin scattering. In this paper the dependence of the accuracy of sound speed measurement on the accuracy of the Brillouin shift measurement is analyzed. We calculated the maximum detecting depths of sound speed to an accuracy of 1 m/s by lidar with different laser pulse energy, platform altitude, telescope aperture and lidar effective attenuation coefficient. The estimation of sounding ability in the East China Sea is made in some stations. These data can be used in the design of Brillouin Lidar for the China Sea.     

GPS-RTK无验潮测深精度影响因素分析

针对目前GPS-RTK联合单波束无验潮测深虽然从理论上消除了潮位模型误差的影响,但未顾及测量船受风浪、海流、潮汐等作用引起的姿态影响、GPS与测深仪信号不同步的影响、测深仪信号延迟和水中声速变化的影响等问题,为了提高海洋测深成果的精度,文章在分析这些影响因素产生机理的基础上,结合当前常用的外业作业设备,仿真模拟了各种测深作业状况,并分别定量计算了各种状况下上述因素引起的定位和测深误差,然后依据分析计算结果,给出了相应的解决办法,可为测深外业作业人员区分误差量级,进而优化作业方案提供参考。     

海底沉积物孔隙度与声速的关系

给出大陆架海底沉积层中声速(压缩波)V_p依赖于沉积物孔隙度n的一个新的经验公式,该公式当n=100时,V_p=V₀,V₀为海底水声速.公式的计算值与我国周边大陆架测量值吻合较好,并将其结果与国内外成果作了对比讨论.     

论基桩完整性检测技术

阐述桩的分类,产生缺陷的多重因素及完整性检测的必要性.论述一维杆件中反射波理论依据.激振及接收传感器是检测技术的关键;说明了反射波信号的频率解释和瞬态机械阻抗法的一致性并均以工程实例加以佐证.文中还论述了声波透射法检测基桩完整性的理论及依据,检测的判据,还给出了检测实例.介绍最新声CT技术及检测成果.     

常梯度声线跟踪中平均声速的改进算法

在对多波束测深常用声线跟踪算法进行分析的基础上,提出了一种改进的声线跟踪算法,即沿声线传播的圆弧路径进行积分来求取层内的平均声速,进而推导了严密的多波束测深波束脚印位置的计算公式。理论推导表明,常用的声线跟踪算法的平均声速是将声线的圆弧传播路径当作对应弧段弦时的改进算法平均声速的近似解。实验表明,改进的声线跟踪算法比常用的声线跟踪算法更严密。     

武隆隧道岩溶地质超前预报综合技术

武隆隧道全长9418m,为渝怀铁路第二长大隧道.该隧道的施工地质条件非常复杂,存在浅埋段、断层破碎带、岩溶暗河、非煤系地层瓦斯和岩爆等不良地质现象.其中,岩溶、暗河以及岩溶涌水是本隧道施工的最主要地质问题.根据岩溶垂直分带结果,武隆隧道处于混流带中,特别是多在季节变动带与水平迳流带之间.自隧道开挖揭露以来,多次发生大型、特大型岩溶涌水灾害.作者根据武隆隧道施工的特点,以地质法为基础,以HSP声波反射法为主要手段,结合TSP203系统和钻探等的超前预报综合技术,进行岩溶地质超前预报.实践证明,武隆隧道综合地质预报技术的应用是基本成功的,值得在同类隧道施工地质预报中借鉴.     

适合于TBM施工的HSP声波反射法地质超前预报

根据一般隧道地质超前预报方法无法在TBM工作面实施测试的情况、结合各种地质预报方法与TBM配合施工的优、缺点或应用效果基础上,开展适合于TBM施工的HSP快速地质超前预报技术研究。该技术利用TBM掘进机刀盘切割岩石所激发信号作为HSP声波反射法地质预报的激发信号,开展多次地质预报现场试验。实践证明,该技术在大伙房输水隧洞工程TBM施工地质预报的实践是基本成功的,实现了不停机条件下的TBM施工地质超前预报,对TBM施工起到了积极的指导作用。     

First arrival cycle-based calculation methods of in situ sound speed and attenuation in sediments

The acoustic properties of seafloor sediments are of great importance in geoacoustic modeling, detecting, and oceanic engineering. The methods based on the first arrival cycle are investigated to calculate sound speed and attenuation of sediment more precisely in in situ measurements. The comparison of different data analysis methods based on the first arrival cycle approach for in situ measurement results in the following conclusions: (1) the calculated methods can help find the effective cycles and reduce the errors in calculating sound speed and attenuation; (2) using this approach, the point judgment method-based data analysis has the same effectiveness as the cross-correlation method-based data analysis in calculating group sound speed and has the same effectiveness in calculating attenuation in the time domain as the spectrum analysis method-based data analysis has in calculating attenuation in frequency domain; and (3) measurement in water can help not only calibrate the transmitting distance but also can calculate the time delay for the sound speed and the attenuation loss in the transmitting process. Finally, theoretical calculation was used to calculate the measured results, indicating a good agreement, which supports that first arrival cycle-based calculated methods can be used to analyze the measured data and the effective density fluid model can be used to analyze more acoustic properties and invert several physical properties in this experiment.     

HY1200声速剖面仪计算测深仪声速改正数方法

介绍了HY1200声速剖面仪平均声速的定义及应用,以及用平均声速进行测深仪声速改正数的方法和公式。     

Babbling brook to thunderous torrent: Using sound to monitor river stage

The passive, ambient sound above the water from a river has previously untapped potential for determining flow characteristics such as stage. Measuring sub-aerial sound could provide a new, efficient way to continuously monitor river stage, without the need for in-stream infrastructure. Previous published work has suggested that there might be a relationship between sound and river stage, but the analysis has been restricted to a narrow range of flow conditions and river morphologies. We present a method to determine site suitability and the process of how to record and analyse sound. Data collected along a 500 m length of the River Washburn during July 2019 is used to determine what makes a site suitable for sound monitoring. We found that sound is controlled by roughness elements in the channel, such as a boulder or weir, which influences the sound produced. On the basis of these findings, we collect audio recordings from six sites around the northeast of England, covering a range of flow conditions and different roughness elements, since 2019. We use data from those sites collected during storms Ciara and Dennis to produce a relationship between this sound and river stage. Our analysis has shown a positive relationship between an R² of 0.73 and 0.99 in all rivers, but requires careful site selection and data processing to achieve the best results. We introduce a filter that is capable of isolating a river's sound from other environmental sound. Future work in examining the role of these roughness elements is required to understand the full extent of this technique. By demonstrating that sound can operate as a hydrometric tool, we suggest that sound monitoring could be used to provide cost-effective monitoring devices, either to detect relative change in a river or, after more research, a reliable stage measurement.