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针对圆走航定位声速剖面测量不准确引起水下控制点坐标解算存在偏差的问题,首先介绍了声速不确定性对测距误差的影响,并将声速测距误差分成背景声速剖面误差、随机误差、测距误差长周期项和测距误差短周期项,再通过分析坐标改正数方程得到不同声速测距误差项对控制点坐标定位的影响。最后,设计2组仿真实验对该理论进行验证,实验结果与理论推导的结论一致。 相似文献
154.
Polynomial expressions for the elastic tensor coefficients, the bulk, the shear and Young’s moduli, the speed of sound for
longitudinal and transverse waves, the equation of state and the x coordinate of the sulfur atom in pyrite are reported based on ab initio calculations in the range of 0–135 GPa. Comparison
with published experimental data indicates good agreement for the equation of state and for values at 0 GPa as well as reasonable
agreement for first derivatives. All modeling and interpretation was performed with Materials Toolkit v.2.0 and all ab initio
computations with VASP. 相似文献
155.
公路隧道施工中涉及到的环境问题包括生态环境、空气环境和声环境等方面,详细分析了公路隧道施工中对各种环境的影响,并提出了相应的环保措施。 相似文献
156.
Traditionally, approaches to account for the effect of the boundary roughness of a gravel‐bed river have used a grain‐size index of the bed surface as a surrogate for hydraulic resistance. The use of a single grain‐size does not take into account the spatial heterogeneity in the bed surface and how this heterogeneity imparts resistance on the flow, nor the way in which this relationship changes with variables such as flow stage. A new technique to remotely quantify hydraulic resistance is proposed. It is based on measuring the dynamics of a river's water surface and relating this to the actual hydraulic resistance created by a rough sediment boundary. The water surface dynamics are measured using a new acoustic technique, grazing angle sound propagation (GRASP). This proposed method to measure hydraulic resistance is based on a greater degree of physical reasoning, and this is discussed in the letter. By measuring acoustically the temporal dynamics of turbulent water surfaces over a water‐worked gravel bed in a laboratory flume, a dependency is demonstrated between the temporal variation in the reflected acoustic pressure and measured hydraulic resistance. It is shown that the standard deviation in acoustic pressure decreases with increasing hydraulic resistance. This is shown to apply for a range of relative submergences and bed slopes that are typical of gravel‐bed rivers. This remote sensing technique is both rapid and inexpensive, and has the potential to be applied to natural river channels and to other environmental turbulent flows, such as overland flows. A whole new class of low‐cost, remote and non‐intrusive instruments could be developed as a result and used in a wide range of hydraulic and hydrological applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
157.
琉球群岛附近海域声场分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用美国海军的GDEM(generalized digital environm ental model)数据对琉球群岛附近海域声场进行了研究,分析了该海域声速最小值分布及其对应深度的分布规律;研究了横跨和穿越宫古水道两个断面上上述声场特征的变化,结果表明杭州湾以北的沿岸约30m地形等深线内,冬、春、秋季声速最小值出现在海面,并且有较为稳定的表面声道;夏季闽浙沿岸约30m地形等深线内,声速最小值出现在海面.奄美群岛、冲绳岛东侧130km范围内有很强的海水混合,上升流很明显,导致声速最小值出现的深度在冬夏比在春秋的深400m. 相似文献
158.
A.G. Carroll R. Przeslawski A. Duncan M. Gunning B. Bruce 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):9-24
Marine seismic surveys produce high intensity, low-frequency impulsive sounds at regular intervals, with most sound produced between 10 and 300 Hz. Offshore seismic surveys have long been considered to be disruptive to fisheries, but there are few ecological studies that target commercially important species, particularly invertebrates. This review aims to summarise scientific studies investigating the impacts of low-frequency sound on marine fish and invertebrates, as well as to critically evaluate how such studies may apply to field populations exposed to seismic operations. We focus on marine seismic surveys due to their associated unique sound properties (i.e. acute, low-frequency, mobile source locations), as well as fish and invertebrates due to the commercial value of many species in these groups. The main challenges of seismic impact research are the translation of laboratory results to field populations over a range of sound exposure scenarios and the lack of sound exposure standardisation which hinders the identification of response thresholds. An integrated multidisciplinary approach to manipulative and in situ studies is the most effective way to establish impact thresholds in the context of realistic exposure levels, but if that is not practical the limitations of each approach must be carefully considered. 相似文献
159.
Guangming Kan Baohua Liu Xiangmei Meng Guanbao Li Qingfeng Hua 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(7):853-860
To accurately characterize sound speed dispersion of shallow sediments in the Southern Yellow Sea, three types of sediments, i.e., silt, clayey silt, and silty clay, were selected to measure the sound speeds at 25–250?kHz. Over the frequency range, the sound speeds vary approximately from 1,536 to 1,565?m?s?1 in silt sediment, from 1,511 to 1,527?m?s?1 in clayey silt sediment, and from 1,456 to 1,466?m?s?1 in silty clay sediment. The sound speed exhibits a slow increase with frequency in a nearly linear gradient, but these three types of sediments have different sound speed dispersion characteristics. The silt sediment with relatively coarse grains has the most significant sound speed dispersion, while the sound speed dispersions of the two others are relatively weak. Comparison between the measured dispersions and the model predictions shows that the grain-shearing model can match the measured data at most of frequencies. Nevertheless, when the grain bulk modulus was assigned 3.2?×?1010?Pa according to relevant references, the Biot–Stoll model predictions were higher than the measured values at high frequencies; when it was assigned a relatively small value of 2.8?×?1010?Pa, the model predictions achieved optimal matching with the measured values. 相似文献
160.