Maximum Storm Surge Curve Due to Global Warming for the European North Sea Region During the 20th–21st Century

Computations of storm surges during the 20th century needs to incorporate globalwarming of about 0.6 °C ± 0.2 °C (IPCC, 2001). In order totake this global warming into consideration, the development of all storm surgesoccurred during the 20th century have been analysed. The study comprises determiningto what degree the storm surge curve and storm surge level depend on each other. Thisfact can be used to calculate a maximum storm surge curve and each single storm surgeevent can be summarised. The tendency of the surge and wind parameters do not showthat this maximum storm surge levels in the 20th century will occur earlier than predicted, however, the global warming of 0.6 °C will extend the duration of the mean storm surge curve.     

硅灰石、透辉石在陶瓷中的基本反应和作用

本文以硅灰石和高岭石、透辉石和高岭石为端元组分,推导了二元假相图。根据这两个假相图,提出了四个基本固相反应。用这些基本反应以及硅灰石、透辉石的矿物学性质,说明了它们对陶瓷坯体工艺性能的作用。     

The Petrology and Mineralogy Analysis of Noble Metal Alloys in the Inclusions of a Chondrite: An Implication on the Evolution of the Solar Nebula

The calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondrites are believed to be the most early solids formed in the solar system, and retain the original information of the early solar nebula. However, in-depth researches revealed that most inclusions had experienced a complex history of evolution, including partial melting and secondary alteration. Focused on the refractory and chemically stable noble metal particles in the CAI of a CV meteorite (NWA 2140), a study of astrochemistry is made in this paper. The petrology and mineralogy analysis as well as the composition determination have been made on the noble metal particles. Based on the result of composition analysis, the thermodynamic process experienced by the CAI is inferred, and two kinds of noble metal alloys are identified, which correspond to the early-stage condensation products and the secondary alteration products of primordial metals, respectively.     

黄海、渤海TOPEX/Poseidon高度计资料潮汐伴随同化

首先将大约10a的TOPEX/Poseidon(T/P)高度计资料沿星下轨迹点做潮汐调和分析,提取得到各分潮的调和常数,利用伴随同化方法,同化到二维非线性潮汐数值模式中,模拟了黄海、渤海区域M₂,S₂,O₁,K₁等4个潮汐分潮,并根据计算结果给出了各分潮的同潮图.将计算值与观测值的进行偏差统计,结果表明计算值与验潮站资料符合良好.研究过程中做了两类试验:一类试验是针对不同的参数进行优化,一类试验是针对不同的资料进行同化.第一类试验表明:将开边界条件和底摩擦系数同时作为模型优化的控制参数,其结果明显优于单独优化开边界条件;第二类试验表明:同时同化高度计资料与验潮站资料,比单独同化其中任一种资料,对模式计算结果都有较好的改进.研究结果表明,采用伴随同化方法,利用T/P高度计资料和验潮站资料作为同化数据能有效改进模拟结果,用来反演黄海、渤海的潮波系统是可行的.     

青岛地区的台风暴潮与潮灾

本文分析了青岛沿海地区的台风暴潮灾害状况，给出了潮位与海浪的联合作用对灾的影响关系式，提出了今后风暴潮预报的思路。     

胶州湾海水中悬浮颗粒对溶解态微量元素的影响

运用离子色谱离线螯合结合ICP-MS的方法,对胶州湾海水中的微量元素(V,Co,Ni,Cu,Mo,Cd,Pb,U,REEs)进行了精确的定量分析。在测试前对在同一站位不同层位采集的平行海水样品进行了两种不同的酸化处理:一份采取先过滤后酸化的方式,以获得海水中溶解态微量元素的含量;另一份采取直接酸化后分析的方式,以评估悬浮颗粒中的可交换态微量元素对溶解态微量元素测定结果可能造成的影响。通过对比研究发现,不同处理方法得到的V、Ni、Cu、Co、Pb以及稀土元素(REEs)的质量浓度存在很大差异,说明悬浮颗粒物质可能对海水中相应元素的测定产生较大的影响。各种微量元素之间的差异和相应离子或离子团的电荷性质、在海水中的配位作用以及悬浮颗粒物质的表面电荷性质有关。初步研究结果表明,在类似于胶州湾这样的近海海域,悬浮颗粒物质是控制微量元素分布特征的一个重要因素。     

浙江近海夜光藻的分布及其生态学特点

本文利用历次夜光藻调查资料，阐述了其在浙江近岸海域的分布特点，丰度高峰主要出现在春秋季，夏季亦存在暴发性增殖的可能性，冬季则基本见不到夜光藻的踪迹。杭州湾口等水体浑浊区是夜光藻的低丰度区，仅在春夏季有零星出现，这与水体透明度低、悬浮泥沙含量高及强烈的水动力因子等密切相关。在时间尺度上，夜光藻丰度呈上升趋势，根本原因是海域富营养化加剧的结果。     

A study of SAR remote sensing of internal solitary waves in the north of the South China Sea:I.Simulation of internal tide transformation

For settlement of the well-known problem of contemporary radar imaging models,i.e.,the pmblem of a general underestimation of radar signatures of hydrodynamic features over oceanic internal waves and underwater bottom topography in tidal watels at at high radar frequency bands(X-band and C-band),the impact of the ocean surface mixed layer turbulence and the significance of strat-ified oceanic model on SAR remote sensing of internal solitary waves are proposed.In the north of the South China Sea by utilizing seme observed data of background field the nonlinearity coefficient,the dispersion coefficient,the horizontal variability coefficient and the phase speed in the generalized K-dV equation are determined approximately.Through simulations of internal tide transfor-mation the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the vertical displacement and horizontal velocity of intereal wave field are obtained.The simulation results indicate that the maximum amplitudes of internal solitary waves occur at depth 35 m,but the maximum current speeds take place at depth 20 m in this area of the sea(about 20°30'N,114°E)in August.It was noticed that considering the effects of flood current and ebb current respectively is appropriate to investigate influence of the background shear flow on coefficients of the K-dV equation.The obtained results provide the possibility for the simulation of SAR signatures of inter-nal solitary waves under considering the impact of ocean surface mixed layer turbulence in the companion paper.     

考虑LS+AR模型基础数据量的极移预报研究

针对目前极移最小二乘(Least Square, LS)+自回归(AutoRegressive, AR)预报模型的单一数据选取方案, 提出分别考虑LS模型数据量和AR残差数据量的组合数据模式, 并对极移预报时单一数据和组合数据预报结果精度进行分析, 探讨模型输入数据量对极移预报精度的影响. 结果表明, 模型输入数据量的变化对极移预报结果影响较大. 采用组合数据预报的方式相比较于单一数据量预报方式精度更高, 特别是针对30--360 d跨度内的中长期预报, 组合数据量的极移预报精度可比单一数据量预报精度有较大改善. 结论证明组合数据在极移预报时具有一定的优势, 可为以后极移预报数据量选取提供一定的借鉴参考意义.     

赤潮生物种类特征光谱获取技术

较为系统地研究了赤潮生物水体反射率曲线获取方法。通过对 2类反射率反演方法得出的反射率曲线与实际反射率曲线进行比较 ,得出在不具备大气环境参数的情况下 ,经验线性法的反演结果与实际反射率曲线最接近的结论 ,并进一步对正常海水和赤潮生物水体的光谱特性进行分析 ,提取出赤潮生物水体的特征光谱。这是进行赤潮监测和识别的重要前提