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951.
952.
不受地理位置限制的地热和太阳能联合发电系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为解决能源问题,开发可再生能源,利用闭式循环将地热系统和太阳能系统联合起来发电.发电系统可以避免因大规模开发利用地热水资源可能造成的地震、地面沉降、地热水资源衰减、地热水有害成分污染、热污染等环境问题,也可以克服地热发电和太阳能发电受地理位置限制的缺点.地热系统地下部分由两垂深3~5km的井在井底由一5~7km的水平井连接而成,水平井中流体温度可达150℃左右,适合于ORC发电.太阳能系统采用槽式聚光镜集热,集热流体可选水或油,最高温度可达350℃以上.ORC一级循环工质为水,二级循环工质为异丁烷;ORC发电效率,白天最大为20%,晚上最大为12%.系统采用化学储能,储能密度为显热储能和潜热储能的10倍以上.钻井和完井、太阳能热能转换、载热流体、ORC和储能等技术的研究结果证明该系统是可行的. 相似文献
953.
Swept-frequency (1/10 MHz) ionosonde measurements were made at Helston, Cornwall (50°06N, 5°18W) during the total solar eclipse on August 11, 1999. Soundings were made every three minutes. We present a method for estimating the percentage of the ionising solar radiation which remains unobscured at any time during the eclipse by comparing the variation of the ionospheric E-layer with the behaviour of the layer during a control day. Application to the ionosonde date for 11 August, 1999, shows that the flux of solar ionising radiation fell to a minimum of 25±2% of the value before and after the eclipse. For comparison, the same technique was also applied to measurements made during the total solar eclipse of 9 July, 1945, at Sörmjöle (63°68N, 20°20E) and yielded a corresponding minimum of 16 ± 2%. Therefore the method can detect variations in the fraction of solar emissions that originate from the unobscured corona and chromosphere. We discuss the differences between these two eclipses in terms of the nature of the eclipse, short-term fluctuations, the sunspot cycle and the recently-discovered long-term change in the coronal magnetic field. 相似文献
954.
Hiroshi Momiji Ricardo Carretero‐Gonzlez Steven R Bishop Andrew Warren 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2000,25(8):905-918
A computer simulation model for transverse‐dune‐field dynamics, corresponding to a uni‐directional wind regime, is developed. In a previous formulation, two distinct problems were found regarding the cross‐sectional dune shape, namely the erosion in the lee of dunes and the steepness of the windward slopes. The first problem is solved by introducing no erosion in shadow zones. The second issue is overcome by introducing a wind speedup (shear velocity increase) factor, which can be accounted for by adding a term to the original transport length, which is proportional to the surface height. By incorporating these features we are able to model dunes whose individual shape and collective patterns are similar to those observed in nature. Moreover we show how the introduction of a non‐linear shear‐velocity‐increase term leads to the reduction of dune height, and this may result in an equilibrium dune field configuration. This is thought to be because the non‐linear increase of the transport length makes the sand trapping efficiency lower than unity, even for higher dunes, so that the incoming and the outgoing sand flux are in balance. To fully describe the inter‐dune morphology more precise dynamics in the lee of the dune must be incorporated. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
955.
956.
With the high-speed development of numerical weather prediction, since the later 1980’s, the prediction of short-range climate anomalies has attracted worldwide meteorologists’ attention. What the so called short-range re-fers to the time scale from one month to one season or more. In dealing with the problem of short-range climate pre-diction, two points are needed noticing: one is the basic research to explore or investigate the mechanism of variability of the slow varying components which mainly include internal dynamics of extratropics, external forcings and tropical dynamics, and the other is the modeling efforts to simulate the process of the long-term evolution of the signal which include the improvement of model quality, stochastic prediction and the air-sea-coupled model (Miyakoda et al.,1986). Previous researches on the numerical prediction of short-term climate anomalies are mostly concentrated in the analysis of variables with global spatial scale, especially the global general atmospheric circulation analysis.As to the simulation or prediction of regional short-term climate anomalies, there exist many difficulties and problems. Though some meteorologists are devoting themself to this field, up to now, they have not reached satisfac-tory results. As a primary effort, by using the 2-level general atmospheric circulation model developed in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-AGCM) (Zeng et al., 1989), and taking the year of 1985 as a case, a numerical simulation of regional short-term climate change is completed. We pay high attention to the predictand of anomalous summer rainfall in the Yangtze River and Yellow River valleys, especially its month-to-month variation. 相似文献
957.
958.
天宫一号超光谱仪红外谱段光谱范围是8.0—10.5 μm,采用红外线列焦平面推扫方式成像.通过实验室定标实验,获得了每个探测元对应的辐射响应系数和响应线性度,并得到每一探测元的动态范围与噪声等效温差,验证了图像输出校正效果,同时,根据定标实验误差来源分析计算了最终的辐射定标误差. 相似文献
959.
960.
利用地球系统模式CESM的过去1500年气候模拟试验结果, 分析了中世纪暖期和现代暖期中国区域温度和降水变化特征的异同, 并对形成原因进行了初步探讨。研究表明: 中国的温度变化在中世纪暖期和现代暖期有着显著的区域差异, 且年代际变化特征亦不尽相同。现代暖期的温度存在一个明显的年代际突变, 这一突变是由温室气体含量的变化引起的, 且现代暖期温度变化的空间格局受人为因子影响较大。中世纪暖期温度变化的空间格局主要受太阳辐射变化的影响, 其次是土地利用/覆盖和火山活动。中国的降水变化在两个增暖期其时空格局较类似, 其主要模态均体现为西部与东部反相, 华南与华北反相。影响降水变化空间格局的因子较复杂, 各外强迫因子的作用互补。 相似文献