基于游程编码的GIS栅格数据矢量化方法

为了克服传统栅格矢量化方法的各种局限性,提出利用栅格的游程编码和区位表在内存中直接进行栅格图形矢量化提取的有效方法,并描述了算法实现步骤.由于栅格游程编码具有提取方便、压缩比适中、和常规栅格之间的转换便捷等特征,所以本方法的采用使得在计算机内存中处理矢量化栅格的规模、精度、复杂程度和速度有较大提高,可广泛应用于栅格型地理空间分析和遥感图像专题要素类型的边界提取等方面,实践表明本文提出算法具有很高的效率,易于实现.     

用非线性近似方法反演单多普勒雷达风场(英)

回顾了近年来由单多普勒雷达观测反演风场的各种方法。这些方法大部分基于线性假设,因此风场的非线性变化经常影响反演结果,使得反演的风场误差增大。我们提出一种以非线性近似理论为基础的反演方法,该方法主要考虑了风场分片光滑的特点并充分利用了雷达的径向风场数据。我们把该方法应用到1998年淮河能量与水循环实验的两个个例中。通过同双多普勒雷达观测的结果比较,发现该方法能反演较高分辨率和准确性的水平风场,反演的垂直风场也比较合理。     

石笕岭隧道掘进爆破方案设计

分析了石笕岭隧道短台阶掘进爆破施工中存在的问题，在使用自制简易凿岩平台可实现全断面掘进钻眼条件下，提出了全断面掘进爆破方案。采用工程类比法设计，并通过场试验确定了合理适用的光面爆破参数。探讨了在隧道掘进中，利用非电毫秒差雷管孔外微差接力传爆，扩大起爆雷管使用段数的方法。     

三次参数样条曲线在等高线矢量化中的应用

主要阐述了如何应用参数样条曲线在AutoCAD中快速准确地矢量化等高线。通过对三次参数样条曲线不同边界条件所绘线形的分析,最终选定了用夹持端样条曲线来矢量化等高线,并在AutoCAD平台上和VC 6.0开发环境下,用Object ARX开发工具包开发完成该矢量化程序。实践证明,该法切实可行,提高了工作效率。     

一种基于TIN的DEM表面C1光滑插值模型

根据原始地形起伏变化的连续光滑性以及邻近数据点之间的相关性,研究了基于TIN的DEM表面光滑插值模型.首先,运用二元二次多项式曲面加权平均的办法,提出了一种基于TIN的具有C1光滑性的DEM表面插值模型;然后,利用数学曲面对模型的精度进行了评估,并对实际地形进行了插值表示.结果表明,提出的表面插值模型具有较好的精度和光滑效果.     

隧洞光面爆破中炮孔堵塞长度的数值分析

炮孔堵塞长度是一个直接关系到爆破效果的重要爆破参数。以实际工程为背景,建立不同炮孔堵塞长度的三维有限元模型,运用ANSYS/LS-DANA数值模拟方法,并引入流固耦合方法模拟计算,通过对关键部位的应力进行分析比较,验证了经典爆破理论,获得了最优的堵塞长度,为爆破数值计算提供借鉴,同时为隧洞光面爆破设计提供参考。     

Theoretical analysis of type II dent pipe under external force

In-service pipelines are often subject to external disturbances that produce dent defects, and the presence of dent defects often affects the pipeline's ultimate bearing capacity. This paper analyzes the equilibrium state of dent pipelines under external force for in-service pipelines with type II dent defects. A simplified calculation model for the shell is established through a series of assumptions and simplifications. Firstly, the pipe ring is crushed and analyzed to obtain the crushing power of the pipe ring, and then the pipe generator is subjected to deformation analysis to obtain the generator dissipating power. According to the principle of virtual work, the relationship between the external force power and the internal power dissipation power in equilibrium state is obtained.Under the condition of internal pressure, the type II dent defect is analyzed, and the relationship between the external force and the depth of the dent defect and its corresponding analytical expression are obtained. Under the condition of no internal pressure, the dent defect under different constraints is analyzed, and the analytical expression of the applied load under different constraints is obtained.     

基于高原湖泊的数据处理与空间可视化研究

近年来,随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,生态破坏、环境污染、湖泊品质恶化等一系列环境问题日趋严重,高原湖泊作为生态环境的重要指示剂,已逐渐成为研究的重点。空间可视化技术特有的交互性、多维性和可视化多样性的本质,更能直观形象地体现高原湖泊的变化。本文以阿雅克库木湖为研究区域,基于GIS平台,利用Landsat遥感影像数据(包括MSS、TM和ETM影像),运用改进的湖泊边界矢量化提取方法和GIS空间可视化技术,对高原湖泊的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,历年的湖泊变化规律表现为湖泊的面积随着年份的增大而逐渐增大,某一年内的湖泊变化规律表现为减-增-减的规律,其中在2月份达到最低,在10月份达到最高,这对于保护高原湖泊和环境、预测未来环境等具有重要意义。     

基于加权光滑样条的多云雨地区NDVI重构——以广东省为例

为探讨加权光滑样条算法（sspw）在多云雨地区重构高质量NDVI的效果,以广东省为研究区,对其范围内2005—2015年MOD13Q1 NDVI数据进行重构。为证实sspw在重构多云雨地区NDVI的优势,选取多云雨样区的重构影像进行对比,并将未加权滤波［普通光滑样条（ssp）、Savitzky-Golay（SG）滤波］与加权滤波（sspw、加权SG滤波）重构的NDVI时序曲线进行对比。结果发现：1）sspw能有效重构多云雨地区NDVI。2）与未加权滤波相比,在质量权重的辅助下,加权滤波重构的NDVI数据时间序列曲线更接近原始NDVI上包络线,加权滤波重构的NDVI与原始NDVI线性相关性更强,误差更小;而加权滤波中,sspw比加权SG（Savitzky-Golay）滤波更能抑制图像中的噪音。总体来说,sspw重构的数据误差更小,与原始高质量数据相关性更强,重构效果更好,更适合多云雨地区。     

A new supervised classifier exploiting spectral-spatial information in the Bayesian framework

Conventional machine learning methods are often unable to achieve high degrees of accuracy when only spectral data are involved in the classification process. The main reason of that inaccuracy can be brought back to the omission of the spatial information in the classification. The present paper suggests a way to combine effectively the spectral and the spatial information and improve the classification’s accuracy. In practice, a Bayesian two-stage methodology is proposed embodying two enhancements: i) a geostatistical non-parametric classification approach, the universal indicator kriging and ii) the smooth multivariate kernel method. The former provides an informative prior, while the latter overcomes the assumption (often not true) of independence of the spectral data. The case study reports an application to land-cover classification in a study area located in the Apulia region (Southern Italy). The methodology performance in terms of overall accuracy was compared with five state-of-the-art methods, i.e. naïve Bayes, Random Forest, artificial neural networks, support vector machines and decision trees. It is shown that the proposed methodology outperforms all the compared methods and that even a severe reduction of the training set does not affect seriously the average accuracy of the presented method.