固体潮观测资料平滑处理方法的研究

固体潮观测数据在进行各种分析之前,需进行平滑处理以便消除各种突跳及错误数据。常用的平滑方法有Lecolazet数字滤波法和Nakai方法。本文讨论了各种方法的特点及存在问题。为了经济、快速而又有效地平滑数据,提出如下建议:对于高精度的观测数据,通常使用数字滤波法处理即可;在少数情况下,数据中出现连续错数,这时可取卅天为时间间隔,在上述滤波法平滑的基础上,分段对数据进行调和分析,如果某几段调和分析的误差较大,那末再进一步对这些数据段用Nakai法进行平滑处理。     

遥感图像村级道路提取方法研究

对高分辨率遥感图像0.64~0.72μm波段灰度图进行直方图拉伸增强对比度,通过设立阈值分割图像得到二值图,再基于数学形态学消除噪声填充孔洞。然后,利用软件进行自动矢量化。实验证明,该方法能有效处理遥感图像,已达到提取高分辨率遥感图像中村级道路的目的。     

Least squares fitting of the stage–discharge relationship using smooth models with curvilinear asymptotes

Abstract

In this paper we consider the problem of modelling the stage–discharge relationship by curve fitting using the least squares method. Our basic idea is to present new models which are more flexible and have the ability to model phenomena with increasing or unchanging carrying capacity. The new models present a generalization of some sigmoid smooth models commonly used in practice. They are characterized by a curvilinear asymptote and may have several inflection points. The use of these models on six real datasets collected from the US Geological Survey’s website proves their performance and their ability to model hydrological phenomena.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Yue     

不同插值方法绘制断面图效果分析

介绍了绘制断面图中的各种插值方法,具体包括线性插值和分段非线性插值;分析了目前使用的线性插值方法绘制断面图的不足:精度一般、不光滑;提出了用分段非线性插值绘制断面图的方法;分段非线性插值精度高、光滑性好,所以分段非线性插值绘制断面图能很好地弥补线性插值的不足,而且它在计算机处理水文数据领域有不错的应用前景。     

矢量数据辅助的高分辨率遥感影像道路自动提取

高分辨率遥感影像上细节信息繁杂、干扰物普遍存在,对其进行自动化道路识别与提取的相关研究仍处在探索阶段。在道路提取过程中引入矢量数据辅助,可解决初始信息获取的困难,得到可靠性较强的训练样本。为此,提出一种矢量数据辅助下的道路提取方法,能够筛选出矢量数据中包含的有效信息,引导实现对高分辨率遥感影像的道路自动提取。利用Mean-shift滤波对图像进行预处理后,首先从矢量数据获取候选种子点,并通过提炼同质区域的形状特征剔除错误候选点;然后,自动获取负样本点以进行朴素贝叶斯分类,并采用邻域质心投票算法从分类影像提取道路中心线;最后,结合像素跟踪与方向判断矢量化道路中心线,并提出一种基于矢量几何分析的断线连接与毛刺剔除方法,对提取结果进行信息修复与规整、优化。实验结果显示,该算法的提取质量达到80%以上,且具备较强的稳健性,能够适应具有不同道路辐射和分布特征的高分辨率遥感影像。     

Influence of the Interface Fresnel zone on the reflected P-wave amplitude modelling

The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of accounting for the Fresnel volume and for the Interface Fresnel zone (IFZ) for calculating the amplitude of the P wave emanating from a point source and recorded at a receiver after its specular reflection on a smooth homogeneous interface between elastic media. For this purpose, by considering the problem of interest as a problem of diffraction by the IFZ, that is, the physically relevant part of the interface which actually affects the reflected wavefield, we have developed a method which combines the Angular Spectrum Approach (ASA) with the IFZ concept to get the 3-D analytical solution. The variation in the reflected P -wave amplitude evaluated with the ASA, as a function of the incidence angle, is compared with the plane wave (PW) reflection coefficient and with the exact solution provided by the 3-D code OASES, for one solid/solid configuration and two dominant frequencies of the source. For subcritical incidence angles the geometrical spreading compensation is mostly quite sufficient to reduce the point-source amplitudes to the PW amplitudes. On the contrary, for specific regions of incidence angles for which the geometrical spreading compensation is not sufficient anymore, that is, near the critical region and in the post-critical domain, the ASA combined with the IFZ concept yields better results than the PW theory whatever the dominant frequency of the source, which suggests that the additional application of the IFZ concept is necessary to obtain the reflected P -wave amplitude. Nevertheless, as the ASA combined with the IFZ has been used only for evaluating the contribution of the reflected wavefield at the receiver, its predictions fail when the interference between the reflected wave and the head wave becomes predominant.     

一种基于TIN的DEM表面C~1光滑插值模型

根据原始地形起伏变化的连续光滑性以及邻近数据点之间的相关性,研究了基于TIN的DEM表面光滑插值模型。首先,运用二元二次多项式曲面加权平均的办法,提出了一种基于TIN的具有C1光滑性的DEM表面插值模型;然后,利用数学曲面对模型的精度进行了评估,并对实际地形进行了插值表示。结果表明,提出的表面插值模型具有较好的精度和光滑效果。     

MAPGIS中图象矫正方法介绍及实际应用

本文主要介绍MAPGIS如何进行图象转换、校正控制点的选取、图象的矫正等详细的方法和步骤，以及实际工作中图象矫正的应用和存在的问题。     

温特斯法在夏季温度预测中的应用

温特斯法可以对具有随机性、线性、季节性变化的时间序列进行预测,用温特斯法作了一次温度预测尝试。依据温特斯法的基本理论及3个平滑方程的递推公式、初始值公式和预测模型公式,将夏季6、7、8月的月平均温度看作具有随机性、线性、季节性变化的时间序列,应用温特斯法建立了河南省5个代表站夏季温度预测模型,并对2000~2004年夏季温度进行试报,得到了较好的预测结果,平均预测准确率(TS)为75%,此方法可作为预测气温的一种方法,在业务预报中应用。     

遥感图像可视化技术研究

图像处理可视化技术研究，有利于复杂的图像处理原理以图像或简要文字等易于理解的形式呈现给用户，文中采用面向对象式程序设计方法，使部分遥感图像类，各种功能模块的处理结果可视化手段进行表达。