小直径测斜仪的应用研究

介绍了研制的深孔用小直径测斜仪的构成、数据计算过程及处理原理、仪器的机械结构、测斜工艺流程及野外试验情况。     

兴隆庄井田奥灰水单孔小口径抽水降距问题分析

针对岩溶发育的大水矿区,在进行小孔径抽水试验工作时,现有的国产压风机虽然尽了最大机械能力,但水位的降低值仍然达不到规范的质量要求,不得不将小孔径抽水试验改为大口径或孔组抽水的情况,采取了加长风管长度,用进口在压风机的方法,完成了兴隆庄井田O2-7号水文孔的小孔径抽水试验工作。从抽水试验的曲线来看,该方法切实可行,有一定推广价值。     

Long‐wave radiation and heat flux estimates within a small tributary in Catamaran Brook (New Brunswick,Canada)

River water temperature is an important water quality parameter that also influences most aquatic life. Physical processes influencing water temperature in rivers are highly complex. This is especially true for the estimation of river heat exchange processes that are highly dependent on good estimates of radiation fluxes. Furthermore, very few studies were found within the stream temperature dynamic literature where the different radiation components have been measured and compared at the stream level (at microclimate conditions). Therefore, this study presents results on hydrometeorological conditions for a small tributary within Catamaran Brook (part of the Miramichi River system, New Brunswick, Canada) with the following specific objectives: (1) to compare between stream microclimate and remote meteorological conditions, (2) to compare measured long‐wave radiation data with those calculated from an analytical model, and (3), to calculate the corresponding river heat fluxes. The most salient findings of this study are (1) solar radiation and wind speed are parameters that are highly site specific within the river environment and play an important role in the estimation of river heat fluxes; (2) the incoming, outgoing, and net long‐wave radiation within the stream environment (under the forest canopy) can be effectively calculated using empirical formula; (3) at the study site more than 80% of the incoming long‐wave radiation was coming from the forest; (4) total energy gains were dominated by solar radiation flux (for all the study periods) followed by the net long‐wave radiation (during some periods) whereas energy losses were coming from both the net long‐wave radiation and evaporation. Conductive heat fluxes have a minor contribution from the overall heat budget (<3·5%); (5) the reflected short‐wave radiation at the water surface was calculated on average as 3·2%, which is consistent with literature values. Results of this study contribute towards a better understanding of river heat fluxes and water temperature models as well as for more effective aquatic resources and fisheries management. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大同四台井田地质小构造综合探测

通过对大同四台井田复杂地质构造的综合探测，查明了测区地质构造的发育规律。结果表明，利用综合勘探方法能有效地探测出采区或工作面内的地质小构造。     

伊通－舒兰断裂分段及地震危险性探讨

本文用地震活动性参数等地震学方法和用时间域小地震地震图测量震源物理参数及介质Ｑ值等震源参数方法，对伊通－舒兰断裂进行分段及地震危险性探讨。初步研究结果表明该断裂乌拉街－舒兰段（北段）、伊通－双阳段（南段）存在明显差异，北段介质强度大，易积累能量而发生较大地震。     

宁镇山脉小壳化石层时代的新认识

最新研究表明，句容仑山的小壳化石层和南京幕府山的一样，其层位都相当于下寒武统沧浪铺阶Ｐａｏｋａｎｎｉａ带，为我国下寒武统层位最高的一个小壳化石组合带。句容仑山当时位于台地边缘，缺失了早寒武世早期至沧浪铺期中期的沉积。     

晋冀蒙交界地区地震危险性评估及地震活动性分析

本文利用晋冀蒙交界地区1500年以来记录较完整的M_S5.0及以上历史地震烈度资料和2000年以来的地震活动资料，分别进行地震灾害危险性和地震活动性分析。首先，利用ArcGIS将历史地震烈度资料数字化，没有等震线记录的地震用烈度衰减关系计算烈度圈半径。将研究区划分成0.1°×0.1°的网格，将烈度资料分配到与之相交的每个网格，并用烈度-频度关系计算每个网格的烈度a、b值。基于地震发生遵从泊松分布的假定，估算未来50年内晋冀蒙交界区遭受某一地震烈度的超越概率。同时，计算50年超越概率10%对应的地震烈度，计算结果表明张家口蔚县、阳原和山西广灵县周边地区的地震危险性较高。最后，采用中小地震能量密度值计算方法，对2000年以来的现今地震活动进行定量分析，与历史地震烈度资料分析结果进行对比，发现中小地震活动圈定的危险区与历史地震烈度资料评估计算的概率高值区相对应，因此，这两种方法可为晋冀蒙交界地区的地震活动性和危险性评价提供参考。     

GPS基线向量网方差和协方差分量的MINQUE估计

本文应用最小范数二次无偏估计(MINQUE)理论,研究了GPS基线向量网在椭球面上进行三维平差时的方差和协方差分量的估计问题。从理论上提出了方差—协方差模型的选取原则。并从实践中总结出了同时估计基线之长度、方位、高差的固定方差分量和比例方差分量的交替估计方法。通过大量的实例计算和分析,证明这一方法是有效的。     

非量测相机摄取小像幅航片测绘大比例尺地形图的研究

对我国首次用轻型飞机拍摄的小像幅航片进行大比例尺测图进行了研究。解决了如何应用小像幅航片进行放大测图，如何消除航片未经压平所造成的系统误差影响，以及倾角过大如何测图等问题。经实验验证，证明小像幅航片可用于大比例尺测图，精度能满足规范要求。