Response of nonlinear soil‐MDOF structure systems subjected to distinct frequency‐content components of near‐fault ground motions

This paper is devoted to investigate the effects of near‐fault ground motions on the seismic responses of nonlinear MDOF structures considering soil‐structure interaction (SSI). Attempts are made to take into account the effects of different frequency‐content components of near‐fault records including pulse‐type (PT) and high‐frequency (HF) components via adopting an ensemble of 54 near‐fault ground motions. A deep sensitivity analysis is implemented based on the main parameters of the soil‐structure system. The soil is simulated based on the Cone model concept, and the superstructure is idealized as a nonlinear shear building. The results elucidate that SSI has approximately increasing and mitigating effects on structural responses to the PT and HF components, respectively. Also, a threshold period exists above which the HF component governs the structural responses. As the fundamental period of the structure becomes shorter and structural target ductility reduces, the contribution of the HF component to the structural responses increases, elaborately. Soil flexibility makes the threshold period increase, and the effect of the PT component becomes more significant than the HF one. In the case of soil‐structure system, slenderizing the structure also increases this threshold period and causes the PT component to be dominant. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Parameter-independent model reduction of transient groundwater flow models: Application to inverse problems

A new methodology is proposed for the development of parameter-independent reduced models for transient groundwater flow models. The model reduction technique is based on Galerkin projection of a highly discretized model onto a subspace spanned by a small number of optimally chosen basis functions. We propose two greedy algorithms that iteratively select optimal parameter sets and snapshot times between the parameter space and the time domain in order to generate snapshots. The snapshots are used to build the Galerkin projection matrix, which covers the entire parameter space in the full model. We then apply the reduced subspace model to solve two inverse problems: a deterministic inverse problem and a Bayesian inverse problem with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The proposed methodology is validated with a conceptual one-dimensional groundwater flow model. We then apply the methodology to a basin-scale, conceptual aquifer in the Oristano plain of Sardinia, Italy. Using the methodology, the full model governed by 29,197 ordinary differential equations is reduced by two to three orders of magnitude, resulting in a drastic reduction in computational requirements.     

经验模态分解法提取地磁脉动

选取磁通门磁力仪数据,利用经验模态分解法提取地磁脉动,并与传统小波分解法提取的地磁脉动方法作对比,分析子午链区域几个地磁台站提取的地磁脉动的纬度效应和经度效应。结果表明,经验模态分解法提取的地磁脉动形态清晰,易于辨识,与小波法相比,不用选择基函数,更适合于分析非稳态信号。     

基于粒子群优化算法的边坡临界滑动面搜索方法

采用数值计算结果进行极限平衡分析是边坡稳定性分析的重要方法,最危险滑移面位置的确定是边坡稳定性分析的关键。采用粒子群优化理论控制位于滑移面后缘范围的滑入点和前缘剪出区域的滑出点,以均分逼近法控制滑面半径,实现了边坡内潜在滑移面位置的搜索及安全系数的计算,进而确定了边坡的最小安全系数及最危险潜在滑移面位置,搜索出的滑面不依赖于网格节点。以昆明某公路滑坡为例,将搜索出的最危险滑面与现场勘察成果进行对比,结果表明,采用本文方法计算所得的结果与工程实际较为吻合,证明了该方法的有效性。     

土岩复合地层中CRD隧道施工的变形监测与风险控制

以典型城市土岩复合地层中的某地铁CRD（交叉中隔壁法）隧道为依托,通过分析洞内、外变形监测数据,总结变形规律,对该隧道风险进行有效控制。研究结果表明：洞内、外变形量的60%以上是由上2层导洞开挖引起的;隧道开挖引起的地表沉降槽特征较为明显,地表最大沉降点位于隧道中心线上方偏左;隧道掌子面开挖的横向影响明显,范围约为60m。洞内变形监测的分析指标以拱顶沉降为主,水平收敛为辅;拱顶下沉曲线分段组成,总体呈台阶状下降。综合变形监测分析和施工经验认为：施工中应着重控制上2层导洞初期支护结构的及时闭合;相邻导洞掌子面间距控制在15~20m;台阶长度控制在5m以内,及时封闭仰拱,闭合成环,可有效地控制洞内、外变形和保证初期支护结构稳定性。     

形状记忆合金橡胶对高架桥梁碰撞减震效果的试验研究

地震作用下,高架桥梁相邻主梁间的碰撞会引起结构位移和加速度响应增大、应力提高,导致混凝土开裂、脱落和伸缩缝被挤压破坏,甚至引发桥梁落梁和倒塌等,因此采取减轻或者避免桥梁结构在地震作用下碰撞的措施显得尤为必要。设计制备了具有变形自恢复能力的形状记忆合金橡胶碰撞缓冲器,通过桥梁地震碰撞的振动台试验,研究了形状记忆合金橡胶缓冲器对桥梁碰撞的控制效果,提出了碰撞缓冲器吸能效率和结构自身耗能控制率指标。研究表明,形状记忆合金橡胶碰撞缓冲器具有稳定的吸能效率,能够大幅度降低桥梁结构碰撞加速度和碰撞力,这对于提高城市交通网络的地震安全性能具有重要意义。     

经验模态分解法在安徽省南部地下流体分析中的应用

首次引进经验模态分解法（EMD）对安徽省南部地下流体进行分析。通过对地下流体数据的分解与重构,发现该方法能提取不同尺度的水位动态,效果较好。通过对震例的总结发现：显著地震前、后安徽省南部地下流体EMD重构结果均出现异常,且存在某些地震前兆敏感点。同时,还对地震前地下流体的变化原因进行了初步分析。     

一种激发极化法2.5维正演的自适应有限元方法（英文）

传统的基于结构化网格有限元法采用的单元比较规则如矩形等,且网格剖分和加密要靠手动实现,所以传统的基于结构化网格有限元法不能准确和灵活地模拟复杂介质。本文采用易于模拟复杂介质模型的非结构化三角形网格进行剖分,且利用对偶加权后验误差估计指导网格自动细化过程,然后在电位模拟的基础上计算雅可比偏导矩阵,并依据Seigel（1959）理论实现激发极化法2.5维自适应有限元正演模拟算法。通过对垂直接触面模型进行正演分析,接收点附近网格得到了明显加密,电位数值解平均相对误差收敛到0.4%,视极化率平均相对误差收敛到1.2%,表明经自适应网格细化后,该算法数值解最终能收敛到精确解附近。最后对两个较复杂模型进行了正演计算与分析,进一步验证了该算法的准确性和灵活性。     

新型框架结构弹塑性地震反应的等效线性化方法研究

等效线性化方法是计算结构弹塑性地震反应的实用方法.通过对几种等效线性化方法的比较分析,提出了基于FEMA440 （2005）计算等效刚度和等效阻尼比的等效线性化方法;分别采用静力弹塑性分析方法和等效线性化方法,分析了局部使用高性能纤维增强混凝土新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.结果表明,两种方法所得结构的地震反应均比较接近.因此,本文建议的等效线性化方法能够较好地预测新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.