BDS多路径效应特征及其对静态基线解精度的影响

为研究BDS载波相位多路径效应的特征,在强多路径环境下进行连续多天短基线静态数据采集,并计算双差观测值残差序列,分GEO、IGSO、MEO 3类卫星分析BDS多路径重复性,在此基础上研究多路径效应对BDS静态基线解精度的影响。结果表明,BDS多路径误差具有较强的重复性,其中GEO及IGSO卫星的多路径误差重复周期为1 d,MEO卫星的多路径误差重复周期为7 d;GEO卫星的多路径误差具有系统性偏移,但不是一个常数,而是随时间发生缓慢变化,因此长时间的静态观测并不能平滑该误差,从而导致在较强多路径环境下,BDS多路径误差对其静态解的影响可达cm级。     

江西德兴铜矿集区土壤地球化学基准值方法的适用性

确定矿集区土壤地球化学基准值是矿山环境地质调查与评价的重要任务,而遴选出合适的地球化学基线值的定值方法是该问题的关键。以江西德兴铜矿集区表层土壤地球化学数据为依据,运用地球化学对比法、相对累积频率方法和标准化的方法分别计算了德兴铜矿集区表层土壤6种重金属元素的地球化学背景值,并将其与江西省土壤背景值对比。结合成土母岩重金属含量分析了各种基准值定值方法的适用性,结果证明标准化方法较适用于确定研究区表层土壤地球化学基准值。     

GPS网数据处理几个问题

本文指出在GPS网平差中有关精度评定、权的确定以及坐标转换所产生的控制点间隙等存在问题，供研究讨论。     

GPS网中基线边和观测时段的关系分析

GPS网布设过程中,如果测区面积较大、网形复杂,则经常需要计算各点的设站次数与各点相关的基线数目以便进行GPS网的图形设计和精度估算。而基线边数、观测时段数与接收机数量密切相关,本文通过分析得出了三者之间的关系的一般公式。     

基于凸壳构造技术的领海基点选取问题研究

领海基点的选取数量及其空间点位分布的不同,对海域划界结果有着重要的影响.在传统的领海基点选取工作中缺乏一种有效的用于检验选取方案优劣的数学模型,因而这一工作中存在着不确定性因素.为了解决这个问题,提出了利用最小凸包(凸壳)构造技术实现领海基点最优选取的思路和方法,并在此基础上对某群岛的领海基点选取方案作了实例分析.     

国家气象中心业务数值预报发展的回顾与展望

本文回顾了国家气象中心建立数值预报业务以来,国家级业务数值预报系统,主要是中、短期预报系统的发展历程,评估了目前业务数值预报的预报水平和基本特点,简述了我国业务数值预报发展的不同阶段取得的主要进展。通过对目前我国业务数值预报发展中存在的问题和不足的分析,讨论下一步的工作重点,并对未来的发展做初步展望。     

Boundaries Make a Difference: The Effects of Spatial and Temporal Parameters on Conservation Planning*

Conservation planning and resulting ecological target identification require selection of both a planning area boundary and temporal baseline or reference condition. We examined the effects that these selections can have on resulting amount and location of identified conservation targets. A gap analysis for California was conducted using five different sets of ecoregion boundaries to identify and compare existing conservation shortfalls in major land cover type representation in protected areas using a threshold of 30 percent per ecoregion per type as the minimum required for future ecological viability. Another gap analysis was run for a single ecoregion using two temporal baselines (current and pre-1900) for the land cover followed by a comparison of identified conservation needs. We found that the boundaries of different ecoregional schemes affected both the total area needed to meet the per ecoregion land cover conservation goals and the spatial location of underprotected land cover types. Choice of temporal baseline also had a significant effect on the establishment of conservation targets for the highly human-impacted Central Valley ecoregion. To meet the given conservation threshold using a historic rather than contemporary baseline, a substantial amount of restoration is required. The results can help identify areas of both conservation needs consensus and those that vary widely based on the chosen planning boundary, as well as aid in the selection of appropriate restoration targets in degraded ecosystems. Because all landscapes are continuous in nature and planning area boundaries are discrete, similar results are likely to be found in analyses conducted in other regions.     

2006—2015年山东短时强降水时空分布特征

利用山东2006—2015年5—9月123个国家级气象观测站10 a逐小时降水量资料,统计分析了山东短时强降水的时空分布特征,结果表明：1）站次时空分布不均。鲁南易出现短时强降水,2013年最多,达到了564站次,7月最多,平均207站次,多出现在傍晚前后和凌晨。2）极值时空分布差异较大。10 a单站极值大值区分布在鲁西北、鲁南和半岛东部,2009年最多,为17站,且多夜间发生;10 a中年度极值均出现在13:00—次日02:00,8月最多,为7次。3）5、6、9月局地和小范围短时强降水天气过程所占比例较大,7—8月大范围短时强降水过程明显增加。     

An assessment of land degradation in the Save catchment of Zimbabwe

The lack of reliable baseline information on land degradation is a hindrance towards its monitoring and mitigation. Of particular interest is the identification of areas susceptible to degradation. In this study, remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied to detect and map susceptibility to land degradation in Buhera district, in Save catchment, Zimbabwe. Data used included Landsat TM and ETM imagery for 1992 and 2002, agro-ecological zones, vegetation cover and population density. The study identified five preliminary categories of degradation susceptibility ranging from very high to low.     

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