官厅水库的遥感动态变化探测及边岸稳定性判别

利用TM卫星多时相数据，采用变化探测技术研究了官厅水库1988—2001年时间段库区边岸的动态变化。对库区淤积、边岸侵蚀等问题进行了探讨；结合水位差数据，提出边岸坡度和边岸稳定性的遥感时空分析方法和判据；分析了上述问题对官厅水库水资源利用的影响。边岸稳定性判别方法可应用于湖泊、海洋的滩涂地区。     

Spatio-temporal analysis of decadal-scale patterns in barrier island response to storms: Perdido Key,NW Florida

The ability to accurately quantify shoreline variability is essential in order to establish aggressive mitigation strategies, based on recent global climate change projections. This investigation employed a suite of coastal data (topographic maps, aerial photography, satellite imagery and lidar) to establish decadal trends of shoreline movement along Perdido Key, a sandy barrier island off Florida’s northwest coast. The technique used to detect morphologic change with time was a recently developed tool, Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R. This innovative methodology improves our understanding of the evolution of coastal systems by modeling shoreline variance using a method that is sensitive to shoreline shape. Results show that the barrier shoreline is a highly dynamic feature with distinct zones of erosion and accretion that are pervasive over time. In general, the island is displaying a mechanism of rotational instability with the eastern half retreating, and the western portion advancing. The inflection point, around which this rotational shifting is taking place, lies at the center of a Pleistocene headland located along the island’s midpoint. The results of this study suggest that coastal evolution along the island may be meta-stable, with trends in shoreline variance corresponding mainly to discrete storm events in time.     

1980～2017年环渤海海岸线和围填海时空演变及其影响机制

运用3S技术,采用水体指数法（MNDWI）、分形维数法、土地利用转移矩阵和回归分析等方法,以环渤海海岸带1980、1985、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015和2017年9个时期TM遥感影像为主数据源,研究近40 a围填海活动影响下的环渤海海岸线动态演变特征。结果表明：1980~2017年环渤海海岸线增加了1 159.9 km,分形维数持续增加,岸线呈曲折化。其中,人工岸线增长了1 977.9 km,自然岸线减少了80%。重点变化区域包括黄河三角洲及莱州湾、渤海湾、辽东湾顶部、普兰店湾等地区。1980~2017年环渤海围填海的面积增加了1 988.5 km ²。主要类型由养殖池、盐田及农用地向养殖池、盐田、建筑用地转化。围填海活动与岸线长度、属性变化呈显著线性关系。综上,水产养殖、围海晒盐、农田开垦、工业化和城镇化建设等围填海活动影响了岸线长度及属性等特征的变化。     

无人机遥感在河流岸线资源监管中的应用

以广东省一村级河长监管河段岸线管理范围为研究区域,利用民用轻型无人机采集现场数据,经影像拼接、目标解译和相关资料叠加分析,快速获取了岸线侵占后的界桩、围栏与补种乔灌草等整改措施实施情况,通过整改设计图与遥感判读出的现状结果对比,精准筛查整改措施未落实或整改不到位等监管所需掌握的现存问题区域。研究结果显示：相比传统现场核查,基于无人机遥感方法对于点状目标（如界桩）和线状目标（如围栏）的排查更加高效直观,对面状分布目标（如植被栽植）的复核更具备现场核查所无法比拟的优势,部分不易到达区域的复核的任务也都能较好地解决。无人机遥感作为获取空间数据的重要手段之一,具有机动灵活、影像分辨率高等特点,基于无人机技术的岸线监管可较好解决当前日常监管中存在的问题,对河流岸线监管具有重要意义,应用前景广阔。     

基于GF-1卫星遥感影像的港口空间格局监测与评估——以营口鲅鱼圈港区为例

文章采用国产GF-1卫星遥感影像,通过对港口内部空间格局以及各组成单元特征进行分析,建立了面向对象的港口空间格局遥感监测方法与步骤,探索构建了码头岸线指数、码头岸线利用指数、码头指数、堆场指数和港池指数等港口空间格局集约利用评估指标,并以营口鲅鱼圈港区为例进行实证研究。结果显示:营口鲅鱼圈港区的码头岸线指数为0.51,码头岸线利用指数为1 498.16万t/km,码头指数为12.23hm~2/km,港池指数为242.76hm~2/km,堆场指数为108.46hm~2/km。码头岸线与码头面积、堆场面积、港池面积的基本比例为1.00∶12.00∶108.00∶250.00。营口鲅鱼圈港区仍有8 821.17万t/a的吞吐量提升空间。     

古湖岸堤沉积物石英光释光测年研究:以中国东北兴凯湖为例

古湖岸堤是湖面波动的地貌证据,可以用来重建古湖泊演化.古湖岸堤沉积物的准确测年是应用此地貌学证据重建湖泊演化的关键.以我国兴凯湖最低一级湖岸堤——大湖岗为研究对象,采用石英小片技术,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)对大湖岗2个不同位置的剖面风成砂质沉积物(共13个样品)进行了光释光(OSL)测年.样品石英组分的光释光衰减曲线特征表明,样品的释光信号以快组分为主,预热坪和实验室剂量恢复实验结果表明,SAR法可以用来测量兴凯湖古湖岸堤样品的等效剂量.通过分析样品等效剂量分布情况和比较3种年龄模型(平均值模型、中值模型和最小值模型),认为大湖岗湖滨砂质沉积物在沉积埋藏前石英光释光信号晒退完全,获得的OSL年龄是可信的.年代结果表明,大湖岗采自不同位置的2个剖面的年代范围一致,且各个剖面中所有年代均随地层顺序变化;另外,2个样品的OSL年龄与同层位的炭屑样品的14C年代结果在误差范围内一致,进一步表明OSL测年技术可以获得可靠的兴凯湖岸堤沉积物的年龄.尽管与前人使用热释光(TL)测年方法研究大湖岗形成年代有较大差别,本文认为兴凯湖最低一级古湖岸堤——大湖岗形成于距今约1.24-0.50 ka.     

The formation and closure of the Big Breach of Sacalin spit associated with extreme shoreline retreat and shoreface erosion

We document a case of exceptionally large natural breaching of a sandy spit (Sacalin spit, Danube Delta) using multiannual to seasonal surveys of topography and bathymetry on successive cross-barrier and shoreface profiles, LiDAR data, satellite imagery, and wind and wave data. The large breach, which quickly reached 3.4 km in May 2014, is attributed to morphological preconditioning of the narrow (50–150 m) barrier, which was susceptible to breaching even during moderate storm conditions. The event switched the barrier's decadal evolution from low cross-shore transport to high cross-shore transport over the barrier, which is an order of magnitude larger than during the non-breach period. Upper shoreface erosion, as indicated by the extensive erosion down to −4 m, indicates that this zone is a significant source for the rebuilding of the barrier. Barrier recovery and widening trigger a negative feedback which limits the back-barrier sediment transfer. As a result, back-barrier deposition decreases whilst the barrier aggradation through overwash becomes more frequent. The Big Breach (TBB) closed naturally in three years. The very high deposition rate of sediment in the breach is a testimony of the high sediment volumes supplied by the longshore transport and the high sediment released through shoreface retreat, and resulted in widening the barrier to a maximum of 1 km. Since the newly-formed barrier shoreline retreated 500 m, this reveals that barrier breaching is an important mechanism which significantly accelerates the landward migration of the barrier system and is a proof of the highly non-linear morphodynamics involved in the barrier island translation. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海岸线的溢油环境敏感性评价研究进展

海域溢油环境敏感性评价工作是溢油应急规划的基础,有利于溢油事故的应急处理。本文对海岸线的溢油环境敏感型的主要评价方法和选取的评价指标进行了总结;在溢油环境敏感性评价中采用的方法主要包含指数法、层次分析法、德尔菲法、模糊综合评价法等;在研究中,各类方法具有不同特点,多为各种方法同时使用。目前,国内外研究中选取的各类指标可总结归为物理指标、生物指标、社会-经济指标三大类,并且针对部分指标选取的理论依据进行了论述。探讨了较为系统化的评价指标体系的构建。综述了海岸线溢油环境敏感性评价的国内外的主要研究进展。最后指出当前溢油环境敏感性评价中存在的不足,如评价体系系统性差、评价指标科学性低及评价过程主观性强等,而加强学科交叉的同时对目前研究中不足深入研究将是后续的研究重点。     

粤东后江湾岸线演变模拟

以粤东后江湾出海航道两侧拟建防波堤为工程背景,应用海岸动力学原理,建立了海岸演变的一线模型。模型考虑波浪的绕射,考虑了沿岸波高不等所引起的沿岸输沙。通过实际岸线与模拟岸线的对比分析,论证了该模型是成功的。应用该模型对粤东后江湾修筑拦沙堤后的岸线演变进行预报,其结果表明,在海湾两岬角处海滩侵蚀,湾顶堤头处海滩淤积。东北岸段拦沙堤处海滩的淤积速率为5～6m/a,西南岸段为4～5m/a。     

岬间海湾平面平衡形态研究进展

岬间海湾平面平衡形态规律的研究是砂质海岸稳定与演变研究的重要内容.简要回顾了岬间海湾平面形态规律的研究进展,着重介绍了研究海湾平衡形态的五个模型.通过评述平衡形态模型的优缺点,指出机理分析和经验拟合相结合应该为以后海湾平面平衡形态规律的研究发展方向,并论述了我国岬间砂质海湾平面平衡形态研究的重要意义.