青藏高原东北侧一次MCC的环境流场及动力分析

利用卫星云图和高空风等各种天气学资料,对1991年7月28日青藏高原东北侧发生的一次中尺度对流复合体（MCC）和陕西关中的暴雨天气过程进行了大尺度环境场和物理量场的诊断分析,结果表明,东海台风北上,西太平洋副热带高压北上西伸是该MCC发生发展的重要大尺度条件;MCC是造成暴雨的直接影响系统;并给出了该类天气预报的参考指标。     

Evaluating local population dynamics of the American lobster,Homarus americanus,with trap‐based mark‐recapture methods and seabed mapping

Seabed mapping, spatially referenced trapping, and mark‐recapture methods have all been useful tools in ecological studies of lobsters and other benthic animals. Here we integrate the three methods to evaluate local population dynamics and movements of American lobsters, Homarus americanus, in coastal fishing grounds in Maine, United States. The study was conducted on five study areas of different size, and used two different sampling protocols. At one site (1 km² in area) we used a monthly mark‐recapture sampling interval over a 6‐month period, only tagging a subsample of the catch. At four smaller sites (0.3 km²) we used a shorter‐term approach, sampling at 3–4‐day intervals for a 2‐week duration, tagging the entire catch. Tagging data were analysed with a modified Jolly‐Seber model adapted for continuous sampling to estimate population abundance, gains (immigration), and losses (emigration and mortality). Side‐scan sonar surveys of the seabed combined with diver‐based population surveys, stratified by substrate type, provided an independent comparison to mark‐recapture‐based estimates of abundance over the same areas. Spatial referencing of trap catch also allowed us to relate catch rates and lobster movements directly to seabed features. The longer‐term tagging data on the larger study area provided abundance estimates that were more consistent with the diver observations, and estimates of gains and losses statistically more robust, than those derived from the shorter‐term effort on the smaller sites. The flux of lobsters followed the well known seasonal movements on these fishing grounds, with gains and losses from the larger study area ranging over 1000 individuals per day, and an estimated mid‐summer peak density of >65 000 lobsters per km² (individuals >50 mm carapace length). This approach may lend itself to broader application with the American lobster.     

汕头海域海底光缆路由条件及评价

根据在东南亚至日本海底光缆汕头段（300m水深以浅）路由勘察中所获得的多波束、侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面、柱状取样等资料,结合勘察区的自然环境特征,对路由区的自然环境条件、海底工程地质条件进行了详细的分析,并对该段路由条件进行了综合评价。研究表明,此段路由在大陆架区域路由条件较好,适合海底光缆的铺设;在大陆架与大陆坡结合带路南条件相对较差,应做好应对措施。     

侧扫声纳系统在海底障碍物扫测中的应用

针对海道测量中侧扫声纳位置精度低的问题,利用GPS定位数据、单波束水深数据和侧扫数据,研究侧扫声纳扫海测量中海底障碍物信息精化问题。海上试验数据表明：文中提出的多源水声测量信息联合扫测海底障碍物的方法,可改善单一侧扫系统目标探测的精度,对海底目标物扫测具有较好的适用性。     

现浇X形混凝土桩竖向承载性状模型试验研究

为研究现浇X形混凝土桩的荷载沉降特性及其荷载传递机制,利用河海大学的大型试验模型槽开展X形桩的足尺模型静载荷试验。通过在桩身设置的钢筋测力计及在桩底埋设的土压力盒,实测了在竖向荷载作用下X形桩与土相互作用时的工作性状。试验结果表明：X形桩的荷载沉降曲线为缓变型;桩侧摩阻力与桩端阻力随桩顶沉降的增加均呈递增性;但随着桩顶荷载的增加,桩侧摩阻力分担桩顶荷载比例却呈递减性,其分担桩顶荷载比例由初期的约90%下降到极限状态时的70%左右,而桩端阻力分担桩顶荷载的比例呈递增性,其分担桩顶荷载比例由初期的约10%上升到极限状态时30%左右。研究成果可为今后竖向受荷X形桩的设计与研究提供重要参考。     

多工况下汉源二蛮山滑坡机理数值模拟

利用FLAC3D软件对四川省雅安市汉源县二蛮山滑坡坡体进行建模,模拟降雨滑坡过程,并进行应力应变特征及稳定性计算分析,从而为深入研究地震及降雨诱发再次滑坡及防灾减灾提供可靠依据。研究中假设地震工况,对边坡进行详细的动力分析,得到了各监测点动力特征曲线;通过降雨工况下坡体稳定性系数分析得到了不同强度折减安全系数。研究结果表明,滑源区相对特殊的地形条件和地质构造以及不利的结构面组合是滑坡的基础;前期强降雨期间饱水加载以及大量雨水沿斜沟张裂结构面的下渗软化作用,是诱发滑坡发生的关键因素。      

On behavior of load transfer for drilled shafts embedded in weak rocks

This study deals with the formulation of an analytical solution for load transfer in drilled shaft and its application. The emphasis is on quantifying the mobilization of side resistances, which are closely related to shear behaviors of the concrete-rock interface. In this modelling, the side resistance is idealized by using elasticity-brittleness-plasticity, and a simple slip-line field is built to identify the critical shear displacement. The closed-form solution of load transfer is obtained by using the proposed shear model. Comparison between predictions and field observations is also made to validate performance of the proposed method.     

考虑围护摩阻力的地铁车站结构抗浮安全设计

在地下结构抗浮设计中,较少考虑侧壁摩阻力的作用,对于侧摩阻力的的计算方法也不够明确。抗浮安全系数目前尚无统一规定,主要参照类似工程实践经验确定。在宁波轨道交通工程福庆路站抗拔桩静载试验的基础上,以地铁车站结构为研究对象,经过试验分析,对地下车站结构设计中侧壁摩阻力大小进行计算,进而考虑抗浮安全性对车站结构的临界宽度进行计算,可为地铁车站设计提供指导。     

地震台站数据文件传输智能管理

针对FTP方式报送数据及下载文件的方法,研制开发了数据文件传输软件,可自动搜索指定日期应传输的所有文件,自动检索并下载通知及地震目录等,实现了数据文件传输的智能化管理,确保数据传输完整、准确、及时。     

桩-岩摩擦黏着特性的试验与分析

研究桩与岩石的侧摩阻力组成及影响因素,有助于准确地把握桩与岩石的侧摩阻力取值原则。在对桩与岩层的摩擦黏着机制分析的基础上,指出界面力与岩层抗剪力的区别,并提出岩层的极限侧摩阻力由界面强度及岩石强度两者较弱一方决定的观点。进行了中风化岩中4组混凝土短桩的抗压及抗拔极限摩阻力对比试验,获得了相应的极限侧摩阻力值以及抗拔与抗压极限侧摩阻力值的比值。抗拔时由于上部岩层对桩侧岩层的约束作用较弱,会使侧摩阻力相对抗压时有较大降低。通过有限元计算及其与试验值的比较分析,研究短桩与岩层的界面强度条件,发现岩层和混凝土灌注桩间的侧摩阻力中界面黏着力占很大比例。