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71.
Investigating the propagation mechanism of unmodelled systematic errors on coordinate time series estimated using least squares 总被引:6,自引:8,他引:6
The propagation of unmodelled systematic errors into coordinate time series computed using least squares is investigated,
to improve the understanding of unexplained signals and apparent noise in geodetic (especially GPS) coordinate time series.
Such coordinate time series are invariably based on a functional model linearised using only zero and first-order terms of
a (Taylor) series expansion about the approximate coordinates of the unknown point. The effect of such truncation errors is
investigated through the derivation of a generalised systematic error model for the simple case of range observations from
a single known reference point to a point which is assumed to be at rest by the least squares model but is in fact in motion.
The systematic error function for a one pseudo-satellite two-dimensional case, designed to be as simple but as analogous to
GPS positioning as possible, is quantified. It is shown that the combination of a moving reference point and unmodelled periodic
displacement at the unknown point of interest, due to ocean tide loading, for example, results in an output coordinate time
series containing many periodic terms when only zero and first-order expansion terms are used in the linearisation of the
functional model. The amplitude, phase and period of these terms is dependent on the input amplitude, the locations of the
unknown point and reference point, and the period of the reference point's motion. The dominant output signals that arise
due to truncation errors match those found in coordinate time series obtained from both simulated data and real three-dimensional
GPS data. 相似文献
72.
2001年全球重大气候事件概述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全球气候仍持续偏暖。亚洲大部出现异常冷冬,许多地区遇到数十年未见的风雪严寒;美国冬季也连续遭受暴风雪袭击。东亚、南亚、中亚有西亚发生了大范围的持久干旱,南亚、东南亚夏季暴雨频繁,造成严重洪涝灾害。欧洲、非洲及南美洲的许多国家和地区降水异常偏多,导致不同程度的洪水,俄罗斯西伯利亚地区发生百年不遇的大洪水。北大西洋飓风较常年显著偏多,西北太平洋台风也给沿海地区带来严重灾害。 相似文献
73.
时间序列转折突变点检测的线性函数方法 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
根据转折突变的定义,在引入线性半截多项式的前提下,提出检测时间序列转折突变点的一种新方法。此方法不仅能找出时间序列中存在的多个转折突变点,而且使得检测到的突变点通过统计显著性检验。应用此方法对北半球1851—1990年年平均气温距平及其11年滑动平均序列,1901—1999年昆明5月降水及其11年滑动平均的降水序列分别进行了检测。发现北半球年平均气温距平在1879、1889、1939和1973年附近出现了年际转折突变,在1878、1888和1941年以及1972年出现了年代际尺度的转折突变;昆明5月雨量不存在年际转折突变点,但昆明5月雨量在1918、1966以及1978年附近出现了年代际尺度转折突变。 相似文献
74.
75.
资源勘查图件计算机辅助编绘系统的结构分析与开发策略研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
如何站在信息系统的高度来进行资源图件计算机辅助编绘系统的快速开发,是资源信息系统领域计算机应用的一个重要研究课题。在结构分析的基础上,将资源图件计算机辅助编绘系统划分为图形数据库,应用图形系统和基础图形系统3个基本部分。对于复杂资源图件的计算机辅助编绘,需要地矿点源信息系统的支持。在基础图形系统上进行专业编绘程序的二次开发是高效建立图件编绘系统的最佳途径,并需注意GIS集成应用,三维可视化,人工智能和参数化设计等方法的运用,而系统平台开发是复杂应用的高级阶段。该思想可应用于煤及油气勘探,工程开发,矿区管理及区域地质等诸多领域的软件开发中。 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
In the Alexander von Humboldt National Park in eastern Cuba many endemic animals and plants are found in various different natural habitats, which are considered to be the most important ones for in-situ conservation in the entire Insular Caribbean. In some areas of the National Park agriculture is practised. Thus, the objective of this study was to document and analyse the different land use activities and their consequences for local resource management and conservation of biodiversity in two village areas. A particular question was: what has changed since the foundation of the National Park in 1996? As time series data for land use and aerial photographs were not available for this part of Cuba, a qualitative evaluation was carried out. For this, six different land use units were mapped in 2001 and additional information gathered for areas with special interest related to sustainable land use and resource conservation. Although most parts of the study area are influenced to various degrees by human impact, the different types of land use seem presently not to have a crucial or detrimental impact on the land resources of the Alexander von Humboldt National Park. However, exploitation of the natural resources in certain areas could be improved with different management options to reach sustainability as well as to meet the conservation objectives of the National Park. This includes reduced or abandoned agricultural use of steep slopes to reduce erosion risk as well as a facilitated regeneration of natural vegetation in many parts of the study area to be able to conserve the high valuable biodiversity of the Park. Environmental education seems to have played an important and successful role since the foundation of the Park in 1996. Since then, cropping on steep slopes as well as illegal logging and poaching could be reduced. 相似文献
79.
北京建设世界城市模式与政策导向的初步研究 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10
结合世界城市同经济增长、科技创新以及区域基础这间的关系,世界城市结构演化及其成长过程等的一般规律,在内外部环境综合分析基础上,提出北京建设世界城市的基本经济模式与空间结构模式。加大开放程度,推进产业价值链分工,提高高级生产者服务以及高科技产业在经济结构中的比重,积极吸引跨国公司总部与研发机构,增强对全球经济资源的配置能力,为基本经济模式;而在首都圈与环渤海地区形成合理的空间分工,以及改北京单中心结构为近、远程多中心圈域型结构,为基础空间结构模式,并进一步提出了北京建设世界城市的六大政策导向。 相似文献
80.
Beyond world cities: Central America in a global space of flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Central America is a region without a world city. Traditionally, the region's national projects have been based upon openness to the world economy: how do the region's contemporary transnational projects connect to the world economy under the new conditions of openness that is contemporary globalization? Focusing upon advanced producer services, three connections into the world city network are identified: global service firms operating directly in Central American cities, local service firms operating indirectly through extra-regional world cities and global service firms operating through Latin American regional offices. Miami is confirmed as the primary world city through which Central America connects into the world economy 相似文献