How to Design and Present Texts to Cultivate Balanced Regional Images in Geography Education

This article examines possibilities associated with the cultivation of balanced regional images via the use of simple methods. Two experiments based on the primacy effect and the painting picture rule, or visual depiction of regions, were conducted. The results show significant differences in the formation of regional images. More specifically, the presentation of positive prior knowledge and the depiction of regional aspects with strong visual cues led to the formation of regional images that were more balanced. In conclusion, these simple teaching methods are effective for cultivating balanced regional images, an important element of geography education.     

基于航空面阵图像快速制作冰雪覆盖地区影像镶嵌图的技术

无控制点快速处理、制作高山冰雪覆盖地区影像镶嵌图的技术和方法,在新疆喀什慕士塔格峰测区,采用ERDAS9.2LPS软件和UCXp面阵数字航空相机数据,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Snow cover monitoring in the Northern Patagonia Icefield using MODIS satellite images (2000–2006)

The snow cover of the Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) was monitored after applying the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and the Red/NIR band ratio to 134 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images captured between 2000 and 2006. The final results show that the snow cover extent of the NPI fluctuates a lot in winter, in addition to its seasonal behaviour. The minimum snow cover extent of the period (3600 km²) was observed in March 2000 and the maximum (11,623 km²) in August 2001. We found that temperature accounts for approximately 76% of the variation of the snow cover extent over the entire icefield. We also show two different regimes of winter snow cover fluctuations corresponding to the eastern and the western sides of the icefield. The seasonality of the snow cover on the western side was determined by temperature rather than precipitation, while on the east side the seasonality of the snow cover was influenced by the seasonal behaviour of both temperature and precipitation. This difference can be explained by the two distinct climates: coastal and continental. The fluctuations in the winter snow cover extent were more pronounced and less controlled by temperature on the western side than on the eastern side of the icefield. Snow cover extent was correlated with temperature R² = 0.75 and R² = 0.74 for the western and eastern sides, respectively. Since limited meteorological data are available in this region, our investigation confirmed that the change in snow cover is an interesting climatic indicator over the NPI providing important insights in mass balance comprehension. Since snow and ice were distinguished snow cover fluctuations can be associated to fluctuations in the snow accumulation area of the NPI. In addition, days with minimum snow covers of summer season can be associated to the period in which Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) is the highest.     

多时相遥感影像提取湖泊边界信息的融合算法

为了有效改善遥感影像提取湖泊边界信息的可靠性和精度,减少人为误差,提出了一种利用多时相遥感影像提取边界信息的加权平均融合算法以及误差的域法修正处理方法.结果表明,该方法能有效融合各时相影像信息,提高湖泊边界信息提取的可靠性,并且对融合时相变化较大的湖泊边界都有一定的普适性.通过融合算法提取的呼伦湖面积为1928.35km2,修正后的面积为1929.85km2.通过利用地统计学理论对算法的验证及误差分析,得出相对误差空间变异拟合模型的块金方差与基台值之比都小于25%,具有很强的空间相关性,修正后的数据空间相关性要优于融合数据,空间变程也得到了有效地降低,显示修正后的数据对半方差函数理论模型的拟合程度更好.     

北京市二手房价格时空演变特征

城市住宅价格时空格局及演变特征是衡量城市房地产市场发展均衡性的重要指标。针对海量的互联网实时房产数据,本文构建了一种长时序时空大数据挖掘方法。首先,利用挂牌数据和成交数据,进行了泛在网络地产数据的可用性验证;其次,提出了“混合像元”的多尺度栅格模型,以构建基于栅格系统的房产统计特征描述,形成了多源网络房产数据融合方法;然后分别采用莫兰指数和地理探测器分析房价的空间自相关性和分异性,并基于P-Bshade和邻近栅格时空插值算法解决了稀疏房产数据的融合与插值问题,构建了长时序房地产时空栅格数据库;最后,以北京六环范围内为研究区域,通过栅格区划算法进行了二手房价格时空演变格局的挖掘分析。     

地震次生地质灾害应急调查多源遥感影像处理及应用——以汶川大地震为例

汶川大地震发生后,遥感技术即刻成为抢险救灾的重要信息来源,多源遥感影像的协同快速处理尤为关键。以国道213（映秀-汶川段）为例,探讨了研究区TM正射影像、DMC航空影像及QB影像三种数据的协同快速处理,处理后的影像色彩统一、色调一致,质量较好,能满足灾情应急调查使用。     

鹅湖岩体岩石谱系单位的建立及其就位机制分析

鹅湖岩体为S型花岗岩 ,具有结构和成分演化序列。运用岩石结构序列法 ,将其划分为 5个单元 ,归并为 1个超单元。按侵入体空间展布形式、岩体地质学、岩石学、构造等资料 ,探讨了岩体就位机制     

高分辨率卫星影像中阴影的自动提取与处理

高分辨率卫星遥感影像开创了许多新的应用领域，但影像中的阴影是一个必须解决的问题。一方面，它给象影像分类这样的一些应用带来了很大麻烦，另一方面，它提供了物体的高度信息。本文利用纹理分析的方法，通过共生矩阵和相应指数的计算，对高分辨率卫影像中阴影的自动提取与处理作了一个尝试并给出了一些结果。     

利用TM影像分析潮河与密云水库入库口处泥沙的空间分布

河流携带的泥沙进入水库后 ,由于河流水体与水库水体的共同作用而在河口区产生沉降。理论上水体中的泥沙含量是与距入库口处的空间距离相关的。并且 ,根据实验与模拟的结果 ,在可见光的任一波段内 ,水体中的含沙量与水面反射率具有一定的相关关系。TM影像的第二、三波段刚好位于含沙水体反射光谱的肩部和峰值部分 ,可以准确地反映水体的含沙情况。以潮河与密云水库的交接处为例 ,在泥沙含量与反射率负指数关系式的基础上 ,利用两个时相的TM影像 ,通过泥沙沉降过程的主轴作用线 ,采用回归模拟和经验公式相结合的办法 ,建立了泥沙沉降过程的遥感空间分布模型 ,讨论了模型中各参数的具体含义 ,描述水体中泥沙含量与沉降的情况。最后 ,采用多个作用轴线进行拟和与空间插值分析 ,建立了水体中泥沙含量的空间分布模拟图 ,经过检测 ,该图较好地反映了河流入库处水体中的泥沙含量情况 ,为遥感技术在监测水体含沙量方面的应用提供了技术基础。