三维旋转扫描测量平台设计与实现

本设计主要用于360°旋转的三维扫描,实现角度数据的实时获取。设计中采用单片机控制交流伺服电机进行自定的角度、速度与方向的旋转并实时上传时间、角度数据至上位机进行处理,实现了对平台旋转精度的控制与检测,着重研究了该传感器误差源的产生,对实际应用中的误差进行了定量分析,利用偏心改正、4分频等方法减少了误差,提高了参数精度。角度范围为360°,角度分辨率为0.01°。     

The effect of bedform dynamics on computing suspended sediment fluxes using optical backscatter sensors and current meters

The sensitivity of the suspended sediment flux is tested with respect to rapid changes in bed-level across the surf zone of a sandy beach. The suspended flux was computed using a fixed instrument array, but bed-level changes due to ripple migration caused the instrument elevations to be significantly changed during the course of the experiment. The nominal elevations of the instruments were adjusted during data processing (using the MOBS array) to maintain a fixed elevation with respect to bed-level changes. The resultant suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes were significantly different from the unadjusted data, and for the present data set O(35%) less when averaged over the tide. The maximum difference between adjusted and unadjusted fluxes may be O(260%). The results indicate that changes in bed-level, particularly those due to bedform migration, must be accounted for when processing OBS data if reliable estimates of suspended sediment transport are to be obtained in the field.     

海洋环境无线传感器网络监测体系与应用技术研究

针对目前海洋环境监测中急需解决的主要技术问题.对海洋环境无线传感器网络监测的体系结构进行了研究,通过对Crossbow无线传感器网络的拓扑结构和软件架构进行分析与试验.提出其技术优势和有待解决的应 用问题.     

压力传感器的自动标定技术

针对压力测量设备生产和维护过程中,对关键部件压力传感器标定处于手工操作状态、效率低、操作人员不易掌控、标定结果处置复杂的现状,开发了针对压力传感器的自动标定技术。该技术将计算机控制、智能化、曲线拟合和误差分析引入到压力传感器的标定过程中,大幅度提高了标定的效率和可靠性。经此技术标定过的压力探头,在使用中具有互换性,减轻了数据后处理工作的难度。     

利用海水平均声速进行海洋分布式垂直缆姿态校正

垂直缆地震采集方法能够获得高信噪比、宽频带、宽方位角的地下结构的反射资料,进而实现目标区域的高精度成像。垂直缆姿态的准确获得是高质量地震资料解编的必要前提。利用初至采样点差值与震源激发采样点差值的相关匹配方法,得到共检波点道集。依据超短基线测得的位置参数,得到垂直缆的初始姿态模型,结合海水平均声速的估算值,校正垂直缆的姿态以及确定倾斜角度范围,为垂直缆地震数据的后续处理工作提供支持。     

GNSS船姿测量方法及对多波束测深精度的影响分析

GNSS船姿测量以其观测误差不随时间累积的特点得到了广泛研究和应用,本文基于三天线GNSS船姿测量方式,构建了波束脚印误差与姿态误差间的关系模型,设计仿真实验分析了基线长度对姿态误差的影响,以及不同水深环境下姿态误差与GNSS定位误差的关系。为突破传统RTK在测量距离上的限制,本文采用PPP、PPK、MBD (动态参考站差分)三种方法进行GNSS船姿计算,并通过海上实验与高精度惯性导航系统进行对比分析,结果表明使用MBD测姿结果要优于PPK和PPP模式,得到的航偏角、横摇角、纵摇角标准差均在0.1°左右,可满足通常情况下多波束测深对姿态精度的要求。     

世越号起吊姿态敏感性分析与方案选择

韩国世越号打捞是世界上首次利用托底钢梁原状态整体起吊难船出水的工程。客滚难船装载的货物容易在沉没后发生移位,上层建筑长时间沉没海底后发生泥沙淤积导致难以准确估计整船的重量重心及浮力浮心的位置。利用水池模型试验和数值计算两种方法分别对大型浮吊船单臂架打捞法和双驳船抬吊打捞法进行了难船姿态受重心位置偏移的敏感性分析。水池模型试验中发现,用大型浮吊船单臂架打捞法,世越号的姿态受其重心位置偏移非常敏感,容易发生侧翻;而用双驳船抬吊打捞法,世越号的姿态受其重心位置的影响非常有限,难船和抬浮驳船都可以保持一个较好的姿态。对比水池模型试验的结果,由于难以计及托底钢梁的翘动和滑动现象,数值计算中得到的难船起吊姿态值偏小。双驳船抬吊打捞法被选为打捞世越号的施工方案,其对难船重心位置偏移不敏感的特性得到了现场实证。这个特点为世越号的成功打捞出水起到了关键作用。     

转矩转速传感器及其在钻机功率测试中的应用

介绍了一种用于钻机功率测试的转矩转速传感器，论述了该类传感器的基本工作原理、标定装置、校验方法以及测试系统的组成等问题。     

A non‐baseline algorithm for damage locating in flexural structures using dynamic distributed macro‐strain responses

The concept of distributed strain‐sensing techniques has been proposed in our recent research, which was dedicated to utilizing the strain distributions throughout the full or partial areas of structures to detect arbitrary and unforeseen damage. An algorithm not requiring a detailed analytical model is presented for damage locating in flexural structures through the direct use of dynamic responses recorded by distributed long‐gauge strain sensors. The modal macro‐strain vector (MMSV), which has been proven to have a mapping relation with displacement mode shape, can be extracted directly from macro‐strain time‐series data, from which a damage evaluating index can be derived and used as an indicator for locating damage. Numerical examples are simulated to verify the sensitivity and effectiveness of the index in different cases. Furthermore, experimental investigations on a cantilevered beam with various long‐gauge fibre optic sensors placements are carried out to examine the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.