Re-examining urban region and inferring regional function based on spatial–temporal interaction

Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective.     

基于滑体渗透性与库水变动的滑坡稳定性变化规律研究

在三峡工程试运行期间,库区滑坡因地质结构和渗透性的不同,其变形情况存在明显差异,因此,除研究滑坡地质结构外,还应加强不同渗透性滑坡在库水变动下的稳定性响应规律研究。以三峡水库库首区黄荆树滑坡实例为计算模型,分析库水位在175～145 m间以0.5～2.0 m/d变化时4种不同渗透性滑坡的渗流场特征;再以库水影响系数? 和稳定性变化率为评价指标,研究在滑体渗透性和库水变动条件下的滑坡稳定性变化规律。研究表明,当库水影响系数? 在-0.107～-0.322时,稳定性变化率? 最大,且随? 减小滑坡稳定性增加率? 减小;当? 在-0.644～-769.231时,随? 减小稳定性增加率? 变化不明显;当? 在576.923～769.231时,库水位上升时滑坡稳定性降低较少;当? 在0.107～384.615时,影响系数? 与稳定性变化率? 的相关性不明显。其结果对于库区滑坡的监测预警有较强的应用价值     

IAG2001年科学大会与大地测量学的最新进展

扼要报导了国际大地测量学术界的一次重要会议－IAG2001年科学大会。根据会议的学术报告,对坐标系统的统一与协调,全球重力场研究,导航卫星的应用,地壳形变与地球动力学等方面的研究进展作了详细介绍。     

基岩水的壁间运动及基本特征

本文通过对基岩水与孔隙水的比较分析，介绍了基岩水的分布、水动力学和水化学特征，指出了基岩水运动具有均位趋势、选择流动及汇流特性，得出了渗流理论不宜用于基岩水的结论。     

Lacustrine basin unconventional resource plays: Key differences

There has been a revival in hydrocarbon source rock characterization and development associated with growing interest in unconventional resources, where these fine-grained organic-rich rocks act as both source and reservoir. To-date, the exploration focus on shale reservoirs has been largely on marine systems. Lacustrine source rocks for conventional resources are geographically important, dominating regions such as China, Indonesia, and Brazil's resource-base. However, they have been generally untested for unconventional resources.There are a number of key differences in the nature of these hydrocarbon systems that should be considered when assessing whether lacustrine systems may represent future unconventional opportunities in areas where the conventional resource-base is dominated by lacustrine-sourced oil. Among the key differences between these depositional systems is the greater sensitivity to high frequency climatic variability within lacustrine systems. Lacustrine systems are highly sensitive to changes in the balance between precipitation and evaporation, which may lead to rapid changes in lake level, potentially exceeding 600 m. These changes in depositional conditions are geologically rapid and may occur over periods of thousands of years. Such changes can reduce the areal extent of potentially thick source rock intervals to only those portions of a basin where a permanent deep lake was present. Thus the core unconventional target area may be geographically limited compared with their marine counterpart. Although potentially areally limited, a review of many lacustrine source rocks suggests that their thicknesses are often significantly greater than marine source rocks. An examination of the more distal portions of lacustrine systems, where better source rock potential is present reveals that there is generally limited connectivity between source and conventional reservoir. In these settings, such as the Wind River basin (Waltman Shale), the hydrocarbons remain trapped within the shales, potentially leading to over-pressured hydrocarbon charged systems. Such conditions suggest that although areally limited, viable unconventional targets may exist, if suitable reservoir conditions are present. Finally, the character of the oils produced is different in these settings, with lacustrine oils being waxy and displaying different hydrocarbon generation and cracking kinetics. High wax oils display distinct flow characteristics, being more viscous, and may offer different production challenges than their non-waxy marine equivalents. Additionally, differences in their cracking kinetics may indicate that the timing of gas generation for shale gas plays may differ significantly from marine systems.     

西南地区传统村落区域保护水平评价及影响因素

本文在理论层面构建传统村落保护研究模型,并以西南地区为例,分析宏观视角下传统村落区域保护水平及影响因素。结论显示：① 传统村落保护研究模型涵盖评价体系和影响因素两个子模型。评价体系模型包含从宏观到微观的传统村落时空分布、整体保护水平和单一属性3个层次,其中整体保护水平分为宏观区域和微观社区两个亚层,保存率和分布密度是评价区域保护水平的简易方法;影响因素模型包含基于时间、空间和类型划分的两类基本分析模型。② 西南地区传统村落区域保护水平呈现显著空间分异,在行政区划边界地区形成5个热点集聚区,丽江市传统村落保存率最高,黔东南州分布密度最高。③ 影响西南地区传统村落宏观保护水平的地理区位因素为海拔、水系、中心城市和交通干道。经济社会因素中,非遗规模是最重要的影响因素,人口密度、经济发展、交通建设、交通流动和非遗规模的相关系数存在显著空间分异,城镇化率、产业结构对于区域保护水平无显著影响。本文是对传统村落保护理论体系由个案向整体、由微观向宏观、由零散向系统、由单一向多元方法的推进,具有重要理论和实践价值。     

语义Web本体语言及OWL研究

面对Internet应用模式的变化和Web海量信息的冲击,Web信息个性化、智能化的研究不断深入.语义Web规划对当前的万维网进行扩展,期望用加入信息中的语义内容导航信息资源检索并提高网络服务的智能化,使机器自动与人协同工作.目前,虽然语义Web还是个理想模型,但将语义Web融入现有Web结构进行信息智能开发的初步努力已经展开.特别是随着对本体技术研究的日渐深入,OWL本体理论探索和应用开发逐渐受到广泛重视.     

Sedimentary evolution of a late Pleistocene wetland indicating extreme coastal uplift in southern Tanzania

Facies analyses of Pleistocene deposits from southern coastal Tanzania (Lindi District) document that sediments formed in a wetland evolving on a coastal terrace in the Lindi Fracture Zone foreland. The exposed succession shows a marked sedimentary change from tidal to terrestrial facies. ¹⁴C analyses on gastropod shells indicate the emergence of the Lindi coast at ∼ 44 ¹⁴C ka BP. Emergence and subsequent elevation of terraces to 21 m above present-day sea level was linked to the falling eustatic sea level prior to the last glacial maximum, and to a periodic elevation due to extensional tectonic episodes in the eastern branch of the East African Rift System (EARS). Since ∼ 44 ¹⁴C ka BP tectonic uplift at the coast was 80-110 m, comparable to that in the extreme uplift areas of the EARS.     

河南省区域经济差异及时空特征分析

以SPSS统计分析软件和GIS技术为基础，以县域为研究单位，分析改革开放以来河南省县域经济差异变化的时间特征、空间格局及其变化过程，结果表明：（1）河南县域经济发展水平绝对差异扩大，相对差异起伏发展．两极分化显现；（2）在空间上经济发展水平形成了以西北部为中心，向东南递减的核心圈层结构；（3）经济发展现状水平与经济发展初始水平和发展速度呈明显的相关性，现状发展水平较高的地区，其经济发展初始水平和发展速度一般都较高。对县域经济差异的成因，从区域发展战略、资源条件、区位、投资政策和市场化程度等方面进行了揭示，最后提出了对河南区域经济发展的政策建议。     

数字化水位仪漏电干扰因素的分析与排除

主要针对数字化水位仪在运行过程中产生的漏电干扰进行了分析,并结合实际情况提出了具体有效的解决方案.