用测井资料预测煤层瓦斯含量

将测井资料中视电阻率及伽马伽马与实验室分析出的煤样瓦斯含量进行回归分析，建立回归方程。进而运用其预测出其他煤层瓦斯含量并与实验室分析结果对比，误差较小。证明用测井资料预测煤层瓦斯含量是可行的，从而进一步推广了测井资料的实际应用价值。     

Petrophysical characterization and natural fracturing in an olivine-dolerite aquifer

As part of a study investigating the naturally-occurring fractures in mafic rocks, two holes were drilled 450 m apart through the Palisades dolerite sill in New York. Well-2 is 229 m deep and Well-3 was drilled to 305 m, both penetrating through the sill and into the underlying Triassic sediments of the Newark Basin. Both holes were logged with downhole geophysical tools, including the BHTV, which acoustically images fractures intersecting the well. Understanding the fracture pattern, density, and porosity in the sill is essential for identifying possible zones of active fluid flow and high permeability. Using the BHTV logs, 96 and 203 fractures were digitally mapped within the sill in Well-2 and Well-3, respectively. Most fractures appear to dip steeply (76-78°). There is a shift in fracture orientation, however, and these fractures may or may not be continuous over the short lateral distance between Well-2 and Well-3. The lithology of the sill as identified by drill chips is nevertheless continuous between the holes. Both intersect a 7 m thick olivine-rich layer about 15 m above the bottom of the sill. Several fractures identified in Well-2 have large apparent aperture (>6cm) which correspond to high porosity zones (6-14%) observed in the logs. Resistivity logs were used to compute porosity using Archie's law and match well with the neutron porosity log in Well-2. We use the relationship between porosity and fracture aperture within the sill at Well-2 to infer the porosity in Well-3. High-porosity, large-aperture zones, including the target olivine layer, are identified in both holes. Changes in the temperature gradient log indicate active fluid flow in the sill, although flow appears to be most active in the sediments. Direct field measurements of bulk permeability, hydrologic modeling of fluid flow and calibration of fracture and log porosity will be undertaken in the future.     

用梯度和感应测井联合确定地层电阻率各向异性

实际地层可能出现2种电阻率的宏观各向异性:微观的统计平均效应和裂缝走向等因素的构造效应.三分量感应测井方法可能是确定地层电阻率各向异性的最好方法,但是,该仪器目前在中国还没有应用.已有的数据一般是梯度和双感应曲线,梯度和双感应曲线单独使用都难以揭示各向异性,但是,将二者联合使用则有可能.在反演模型中考虑了电阻率各向异性的存在,给出了梯度和双感应曲线联合求地层电阻率各向异性的方法.通过直井水平层的二维人工模型表明,用感应方法可确定地层的水平电阻率和厚度.而梯度方法的视电阻率可以近似看作水平电阻率和纵向电阻率的几何平均值,梯度方法的视厚度是各向异性参数和真实厚度的乘积.因而不能用梯度方法单独确定各向异性参数和真实厚度2个参数中的任何1个.然而,联合梯度和双感应的方法则可能确定3个参数:各向异性参数,水平电阻率和地层厚度.人工数据的例子表明了这种联合的可行性.     

致密砂岩气层的测井评价--以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地山西组一段气田为例

大牛地气田山西组一段储层的孔隙度和渗透率均低、孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强，具有低压、低产的特征。利用测井资料，采用人工神经网络技术对致密砂岩的岩性进行了识别，共识别出中—粗粒岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩两种岩性，结合三种孔隙度测井方法进行了孔隙度和渗透率的预测，利用岩电实验资料，建立了储层微观孔隙结构与胶结指数、饱和度指数、岩石弹性力学参数之间的统计关系，获得了有效的饱和度评价参数，提高了饱和度的解释精度。并以压汞、相渗等岩芯分析资料进行了束缚水饱和度的解释，并采用多种交绘图技术，有效地识别了致密砂岩气层。该方法的特点是充分放大测井信息对天然气的响应特征，增强了气层和干层的判别差异。实践表明，上述方法对于鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田致密砂岩气层测井评价的符合率达到95％以上。     

Induced Calcite Precipitation by Cyanobacterium Synechococcus

This study investigated the role of the solution composition on calcite precipitation induced by cyanobacteria. The precipitation of calcium carbonate was induced by addition of cyanobacterium cells Synechococcus strain PCC 7942 in two artificial solutions with a different composition at similar saturation states in respect to calcite. Ion‐selective electrodes for pH, Ca²⁺, and COequation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif monitored the experiments, and the morphology of precipitated crystals was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. The calcite precipitation was observed in all experiments after the addition of the cells. The composition of solution (the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon to dissolved calcium) strongly influenced the calcite precipitation. Based on laboratory experiment results, a possible mechanism for precipitation induced by Synechococcus is proposed linking precipitation with the conditions near to cell walls rather than with the saturation conditions in the bulk solution.     

地下岩层裂隙的几种勘察研究方法

本文介绍了地下岩层裂隙的4种勘察研究方法:钻孔岩芯法、超声成像法、钻孔电视法、钻孔流量测井法。经过多项工程实践,我们认为超声成像法对钻孔孔壁扫描获得裂隙产状、开度等参数是研究地下岩层裂隙的有效方法。钻孔流量测井法也可研究裂隙,计算裂隙开度。     

贵州六盘水地区煤层气选区及勘探部署

该文对贵州六盘水地区煤层气选区从预选、钻井、试采三个阶段进行了评价，提出了各个阶段的评价原则、评价标准及结果；提出了该区煤层气勘探可望从金竹坪、松河及箐脚等3个区块取得突破的勘探部署建议。     

利用测井曲线进行高陂区主采煤层对比

选择常规数字测井中采用的视电阻率、人工放射性、自然放射性三种测井曲线,进行高陂区童子岩组第三段中亚段13、18、19、23等四层煤层进行对比,结果表明利用测井曲线连续性中的突变性和突变组合性规律进行对比,效果显著。     

利用高频电磁波测井反演地层介电常数和电阻率

高频电磁波测井响应对地层纵向边界相当敏感 ,在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度 .首先应用特征识别技术由测井曲线提取地层参数 ,在此基础上建立反演初始地层模型 ,通过分别构造反演地层电参数和纵向边界位置的目标函数 ,采用改进的阻尼型高斯 -牛顿算法 ,实现了对地层电参数和纵向边界位置的交替循环反演 .对含1 7个水平分层的典型地层模型的模拟测井资料进行反演计算 ,测井响应的反演精度达到2 .0 % (平均相对误差 ) ,电参数的误差为 4.4% .     

非均匀介质中微侧向测井仪器的三维有限元数值分析

在这篇文章中，分析了一个具有井眼的非均匀介质中似稳电流场的边值问题。采用了三维有限元的直接解法求解三维似稳电流场；给出了微侧向测井仪器的电极表面电流分布、假几何因子以及８英寸井眼的泥饼校正曲线；求出了在具有倾斜地层条件下，微侧向测井仪器对界面的响应。数值结果与发表的文献非常吻合，从而证明了这种方法的正确性。因此，它为新的仪器研制和微侧向测井解释提供了可靠的数据和理论依据。