面向对象的多尺度水体信息提取

以安徽省阜阳市阜南县东南部为研究区,利用LandsatTM数据,基于面向对象的多尺度分类方法,选取合适的分割尺度创建分类对象;通过分析研究区各种地物复杂的光谱响应特征,建立水体信息提取的知识规则集,对研究区水体进行提取研究。研究表明,与传统的利用单波段和NDWI等方法所提取的水体相比,规则推理法在提取水体时可以消除一些影像上其他干扰信息的影响,取得较好的提取效果和精度。除此之外,该方法简单易行,水体提取的规则集对于用户来说是透明的,易于理解。     

基于水平集的曲线演化在图像分割中的应用

图像分割是图像处理中的一项基础工作,一般有基于边界和基于区域的分割方法。随着水平集理论的提出,主动轮廓模型尤其是C-V模型,在图像分割中的应用得到迅速发展。多相C-V模型,融合形状先验、纹理等信息的模型也被提出并得到较好的应用。将C-V模型应用于图像分割中,对合成图像和真实图像的分割实验,以及与其他分割方法的对比实验证明了该模型在图像分割中的有效性。     

桂中坳陷北部河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带分析

通过对典型实测地质剖面的综合构造解释和变形缩短量的估算,发现河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带在逆冲方向、构造样式和变形缩短强度上具有明显的分段性:河池段和宜山段变形强度中等,变形样式分别为由北向南逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造和叠瓦状构造;柳城段变形强度最大,为由南向北逆冲的叠瓦状构造;英山段变形最弱,为由北向南逆冲兼有走滑性质的正花状构造。河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带内部发育的横向调节带和纵向传递带对不同区段构造样式和变形强度具有调节作用。最后,结合区域变形特征,探讨了河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带差异变形的成因机制。     

Fast Object Detection for Use Onboard Satellites

We propose an object detection algorithm which is efficient and fast enough to be used in (almost) real time with the limited computer capacities onboard satellites. For stars below the saturation limit of the CCD detectors it is based on a four neighbourhood local maximum criterion in order to find the centre of a stellar image. For saturated stars it is based on the assumption that the image is increasing monotonically towards the centre in the unsaturated part of the image. The algorithm also calculates approximate stellar magnitudes and efficiently rejects most of the cosmics which would otherwise lead to a large number of false detections. The quality of the algorithm was evaluated with the help of a large set of simulated data for the DIVA satellite mission; different assumptions were made for the noise level, and the presence of cosmics or for a variable sky background.We could show that our algorithm fulfills the requirements for DIVA; only in the case of simulated images which included the bright galaxy M31 some fainter stars could not be detected in the galaxy's vicinity. Since stellar images contain large areas without any stars, we propose an additional block-skipping algorithm which can be coded on special-purpose hardware. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大同－阳原盆地南缘断裂带的晚第四纪分段和构造地貌变异

大同－阳原盆地南缘断裂带是北京西北～山西北部盆－岭区的一条最大的断层。晚第四纪断层崖高度和高度分布型式把断裂带分为西南和东北两个段落。该断裂带在山前带和山麓坡的构造地貌、微地文期演化历史方面存在着明显的分段变异。构造地貌过程的速度和断层习性差异，以及段落边界的重叠断层特征，是构造地貌变异的直接原因。     

大同－阳原盆地南缘断裂带的晚第四纪分段和构造地貌变异

大同－阳原盆地南缘断裂带是北京西北～山西北部盆－岭区的一条最大的断层。晚第四纪断层崖高度和高度分布型式把断裂带分为西南和东北两个段落。该断裂带在山前带和山麓坡的构造地貌、微地文期演化历史方面存在着明显的分段变异。构造地貌过程的速度和断层习性差异，以及段落边界的重叠断层特征，是构造地貌变异的直接原因     

Segmentation of the Central Indian Ridge between 12°12′ S and the Indian Ocean Triple Junction

The present morphology and tectonic evolution of more than 1500 kilometres of the Central Indian Ridge are described and discussed following the integration of GLORIA side-scan sonographs with conventional geophysical datasets. Segmentation of the ridge occurs by a series of ridge axis discontinuities ranging in periodicity along strike from 275 km to less than 30 km. These segment boundaries we have classified into two types: first order fracture zones of offsets greater than 50 km which bound five major (mega-) segments, and smaller scale structures of a variety of offset styles and amplitudes which cut four of these segments. We refer to these as ridge-axis discontinuities. The frequent opposite sense of offset identified between the first order structures and the subordinate discontinuities between these major structures is interpreted as resulting from the adjustment to new kinematic parameters after magnetic anomaly 20. As far as our data allows us to determine, the central major segment is not subdivided by minor ridge axis discontinuities, which we suggest is a result of its proximity to the Rodriguez hotspot.     

移动机器人道路图像的快速分割方法

本文针对影响道路场景分割效果的 2个最主要因素 :阴影和水迹 ,提出了用 3个有效彩色特征量来描述道路、阴影和水迹的特征 ,并提出了特征图像的快速提取方法 ,实现了道路图像一维直方图的全局快速分割。实验结果表明 :本文提出的分割方法可以有效地消除阴影或水迹对道路图像分割效果的影响 ,且满足一般道路场景下移动机器人实时导航的要求。     

Morphotectonics, Volcanism and Hydrothermal Activity on the East Pacific Rise between 21°12′ S and 22°40′ S

The morphotectonic setting of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between21°12 and 22°40 S and its recent and past hydrothermalactivity were the focus of the Russian R/V Geolog Fersmans expeditionin 1987–1988.The EPR axial zone in the study area is comprised of three segmentsseparated by overlapping spreading centers (OSCs) near 21°44 and22°08 S. The northern segment is the shallowest of three and hasa distinct massive axial ridge, trapeziodal in cross-section, toppedby a very wide flat summit surface and cut by a well-developedcentral graben. These features testify to intense magmatism and to avoluminous crustal magmatic chamber underlying the whole segment.Fine-scale segmentation is most clearly revealed in the structure ofthe central graben within which several 4th-order segments can bedistinguished. This scale of segmentation is also reflected on flanks of theaxis by variations in the character and intensity of faulting.According to structural and petrologic data, the magmatism is mostintense in the central part of the segment which is probably locateddirectly over a magmatic diapir supplying the melt to the whole segment.Magma migration at the subcrustal level from the center towards the ends ofthe segment with discrete injection into the crustal magmatic chamber ispresumed.The central segment is broken into two morphologically distinct partsseparated by a deval. In the subsided northern part, the wide summit of theaxial ridge is cut by a well-developed, intensely fractured axialgraben. In the southern part, the axial ridge is relatively elevated, butnarrow with an ephemeral graben along its crest. The character and intensityof faulting on the axial flanks are also considerably different in thenorthern and southern parts of the segment. Thus, the magmatic supply tothese two parts is thought to originate from two different sources. If so,then at present the magma chamber underlying the southern part of thesegment is probably at the stage of replenishment, while in the north it isat the stage of deep cooling.The southern segment is structurally similar to the central one. Howeverthere is considerably less intensive magmatic activity in this region,especially south of 22°30 S where the axial ridge is narrow, andtriangular in cross-section.Both OSCs studied are marked by abrupt narrowing and sharp subsidence ofthe tips of axial ridges within the northern limbs. The southern OSC limbsare morphologically similar to normal sections of axial ridges. In bothcases the flanks are structurally and morphologically disrupted adjacent tothe OSCs and oblique structures can be traced far southward of the OSCflanks. Due to the spatial position of oblique structures on the the flanksit is presumed that the OSC near 22°07 S is migrating northward.The 21°44 S OSC zone has apparently undergone small spatialoscillations. In spite of the small amplitude of lateral displacement, thiszone is marked by prominent bathymetric anomalies.Numerous massive sulfide deposits were discovered atop the axial ridgealong the entire length of the uplifted and hydrothermally active northernsegment. Ore metal concentrations in near-bottom waters are maximumover the southern part of the northern segment, while maximum concentrationsof the same metals in surficial sediments are confined to the central partof the same segment. We surmise that there has been a recentalong-axis shift of the zone of maximum hydrothermal activity fromthe middle of the segment to its present position in the southern part ofthe segment. Considering sedimentation rates, the age of this shift can beapproximately estimated to be 5 to 10 thousand years before the present.The relatively Mg-enriched basalts of the middle part of thenorthern segment represent a tike of a more primitive pattern, while therelatively Fe-rich rocks of its southern part probably reflect alarge degree of fractionation at shallow crustal levels. Considering thistrend, in addition to morphotectonic data we presume that subaxial magmaflow from the middle to the southern part of the segment is responsible forthe along-axis shift of hydrothermal activity.In the central segment of the study area, massive sulfides have only beendiscovered south of the 21°55 S deval, where the axial ridgeshoals and where the existence of a subjacent magma chamber is presumed.The very weak manifestations of recent volcanism within the southernsegment explain the absence of hydrothermal activity and sulfide depositswithin this segment.     

Mantle Bouguer Anomaly Along an Ultra Slow-Spreading Ridge: Implications for Accretionary Processes and Comparison with Results from Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A three-dimensional analysis of gravity andbathymetry data has been achieved along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR)between the Rodriguez Triple Junction (RTJ) and the Atlantis II transform,in order to define the morphological and geophysical expression ofsecond-order segmentation along an ultra slow-spreading ridge(spreading rate of 8 mm/yr), and to compare it with awell-studied section along a slow-spreading ridge (spreadingrate of 12.5 mm/yr): the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 28°and 31°30 N.Between the Atlantis II transform and theRTJ, the SWIR axis exhibits a deep axial valley with an 30°oblique trend relative to the north–south spreading direction. Onlythree transform faults offset the axis, so the obliquity has to beaccommodated by the second-order segmentation. Alongslow-spreading ridges such as the MAR, second-order segmentshave been defined as linear features perpendicular to the spreadingdirection, with a shallow axial valley floor at the segment midpoint,deepening to the segment ends, and are associated with Mantle BouguerAnomaly (MBA) lows. Along the SWIR, our gravity study reveals the presenceof circular MBA lows, but they are spaced further apart than expected. Thesegravity lows are systematically centred over narrow bathymetric highs, andinterpreted as the centres of spreading cells. However, along some obliquesections of the axis, the valley floor displays small topographicundulations, which can be interpreted as small accretionary segments frommorphological analysis, but as large discontinuity domains from thegeophysical data. Therefore, both bathymetry and MBA variations have to beused to define the second-order segmentation of an ultraslow-spreading ridge. This segmentation appears to be characterisedby short segments and large oblique discontinuity domains. Analysis of alongaxis bathymetric and gravimetric profiles exhibits three different sectionsthat can be related to the thermal structure of the lithosphere beneath theSWIR axis.The comparison between characteristics of segmentationalong the SWIR and the MAR reveals two major differences: first, the poorcorrelation between MBA and bathymetry variations and second, the largerspacing and amplitude of MBA lows along the SWIR compared to the MAR. Theseobservations seem to be correlated with the spreading rate and the thermalstructure of the ridge. Therefore, the gravity signature of the segmentationand thus the accretionary processes appear to be very different: there areno distinct MBA lows on fast-spreading ridges, adjacent ones on slowspreading ridges and finally separate ones on ultra slow-spreadingridges. The main result of this study is to point out that 2nd ordersegmentation of an ultra slow-spreading ridge is characterised bywide discontinuity domains with very short accretionary segments, suggestingvery focused mantle upwelling, with a limited magma supply through a cold,thick lithosphere. We also emphasise the stronger influence of themechanical lithosphere on accretionary processes along an ultra slow-spreading ridge.