Defining a model of 3D seismogenic sources for Seismic Hazard Assessment applications: The case of central Apennines (Italy)

Geology-based methods for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) have been developing in Italy. These methods require information on the geometric, kinematic and energetic parameters of the major seismogenic faults. In this paper, we define a model of 3D seismogenic sources in the central Apennines of Italy. Our approach is mainly structural-seismotectonic: we integrate surface geology data (trace of active faults, i.e. 2D features) with seismicity and subsurface geological–geophysical data (3D approach). A fundamental step is to fix constraints on the thickness of the seismogenic layer and deep geometry of faults: we use constraints from the depth distribution of aftershock zones and background seismicity; we also use information on the structural style of the extensional deformation at crustal scale (mainly from seismic reflection data), as well as on the strength and behaviour (brittle versus plastic) of the crust by rheological profiling. Geological observations allow us to define a segmentation model consisting of major fault structures separated by first-order (kilometric scale) structural-geometric complexities considered as likely barriers to the propagation of major earthquake ruptures. Once defined the 3D fault features and the segmentation model, the step onward is the computation of the maximum magnitude of the expected earthquake (M _max). We compare three different estimates of M _max: (1) from association of past earthquakes to faults; (2) from 3D fault geometry and (3) from geometrical estimate corrected by earthquake scaling laws. By integrating all the data, we define a model of seismogenic sources (seismogenic boxes), which can be directly used for regional-scale PSHA. Preliminary applications of PSHA indicate that the 3D approach may allow to hazard scenarios more realistic than those previously proposed.     

基于直方图区域生长的遥感图像阈值分割算法

传统阈值分割算法从单阈值扩展到多阈值的过程中,时间复杂度会大幅度增加,并且由于遥感图像信息复杂,会导致分割效果降低.为了解决这些问题,本文提出了基于直方图区域生长的遥感图像阈值分割算法.在本文算法中,每一个灰度级均作为1个初始阈值,用256个阈值将直方图分割成256个原始小区域.为了减少阈值数目,本文将小区域合并成大区...     

融合随机森林和超像素分割的建筑物自动提取

建筑物是城市空间的重要部分,建筑物信息的提取对基础地理空间数据库更新、城市规划、城市动态监测等具有重要意义.基于遥感影像数据提取建筑物信息具有非常广泛的应用,本文提出了一种基于随机森林和超像素分割算法,并从机载激光点云和数字航空影像数据中自动提取建筑物的方法.试验选取广州市海珠区某处为研究区域,结果表明:在一般的城市区...     

三维点云的分割及骨架提取研究

针对在三维点云环境下分离目标物体所出现的过度分割问题,提出一种结合随机抽样一致性和颜色差值区域聚类的分割方法。首先利用RANSAC算法去除场景中大部分平面,使得目标物体和连成片的点云脱离,然后结合点云的距离阈值和目标颜色差值,得到目标点云数据。针对L1中值算法对曲率较大模型的骨架提取存在的不足,进行了改进。通过L1中值算法对点云模型进行骨架提取,得到点云的骨架点,然后沿端点方向向外进行最大内切球的球心提取,最后连接多个球心及骨架末端点,得到符合人类视觉效果的骨架。改进的算法提高了L1中值对曲率较大点云骨架提取的准确性。     

基于水平集的曲线演化在图像分割中的应用

图像分割是图像处理中的一项基础工作,一般有基于边界和基于区域的分割方法。随着水平集理论的提出,主动轮廓模型尤其是C-V模型,在图像分割中的应用得到迅速发展。多相C-V模型,融合形状先验、纹理等信息的模型也被提出并得到较好的应用。将C-V模型应用于图像分割中,对合成图像和真实图像的分割实验,以及与其他分割方法的对比实验证明了该模型在图像分割中的有效性。     

高分辨率遥感影像分割方法研究

在遥感应用分析中,遥感影像分割是低层影像处理和中高层影像分析和理解的桥梁,是实现遥感影像信息自动提取的关键步骤,具有重要的意义。随着大量高分辨率遥感影像的出现,传统基于像素的影像处理方法已不能适应高分辨率遥感影像。近年来,国内外研究者们提出了面向对象影像的分析方法,而面向对象影像分析方法的关键就是影像分割,影像分割精度直接影响着高分辨率遥感信息提取和目标识别的精度。首先给出一般图像分割方法的综述;然后分析和总结了当前主要的高分辨率遥感影像分割方法,着重阐述了均值漂移、分形网络进化、马尔科夫随机场等分割方法的特点和研究现状;最后,对高分辨率遥感应用分析中影像分割方法的发展趋势进行了讨论与展望。     

基于易康平台的高分辨率影像在测绘生产中的地物提取

随着遥感技术的发展,遥感数据获取手段有了长足的进步。测绘部门在生产中也展开了基于高分辨率影像提取地表覆盖等信息。本论文以易康软件作为卫星遥感影像地物提取的平台,研究如何利用高分辨率遥感影像生成地表覆盖分类图,以达到测绘部门在生产中的需求。     

Individual tree crown segmentation in tropical peat swamp forest using airborne hyperspectral data

Abstract

Individual tree crown segmentation is important step for deriving various information for fine-scale analysis of ecological process. However, only several studies have applied tree crown segmentation in tropical forest ecosystems, especially in mixed peat swamp forests. In this study, hyperspectral data were used to detect changes in the biochemical and biophysical characteristics, which are important factors for tree crown segmentation. Principal Component Analysis method was performed to investigate its influence on crown segmentation. Visually Selected PCs, 160 PCs and 160 Spectral Bands image were used and two segmentation techniques; Watershed Transformation and Region Growing segmentation were applied on those images. The highest accuracy was achieved for the crown segmentation is using Region Growing segmentation, based on 1:1 measurement, D value and RMSE value. The results obtained from 160 PCs image using region growing algorithm shows better accuracy with D value of 0.2 (80% accuracy, 20% error) and RMSE of 9.9 m².     

遥感图像分区自动分类方法研究

对判读区域自然景观复杂,数据时相与质量差异较大的遥感图像用常规的分类方法难以达到令人满意的效果,为此,作者采用了一种通过定义图像判读区,分类管理器和改进监督分类算法等方法来实现遥感图像的分区自动分类,以不同时相的TM拼接图像进行分类试验,结果表明:该方法比传统的监督分类方法有明显改进:(1)与整幅图像用同一个标准进行分类的方案相比,其精度显著提高,(2)可在分类前灵活,任意生成所感兴趣的判读区域,(3)在每个分区内可以采取不同的分类方案进行分类,(4)每个分区的分类结果可以保存在同一个文件中,而不需要另外生成新的操作层.因此分类不受次数的限制,可保证分类结果的完整性,每个分区的分类结果也可以保存为单个分区的分类结果.     

遥感图像分割的迭代上下文融合小波域HMT模型

由于已有小波域HMT(hidden Markov tree)图像分割算法在上下文融合阶段直接对数据块大小不等的相邻两尺度进行信息融合,导致细节信息分割不充分。为此,提出一种基于迭代上下文融合的小波域HMT模型图像分割算法。该算法在上下文融合阶段采用迭代融合方法,将每一尺度的融合结果作为该尺度的上下文信息再次融合,并设置变化阈值作为迭代终止条件。利用Brodatz纹理组合图像和Formosat-2遥感图像进行分割试验。定性和定量分析表明本文算法能改善图像分割的细节效果,进一步提高图像分割精度。