Statistical graphics in geochemical journals

A quantitative investigation of types of statistical graphics and maps being used for presentation of geochemical data has been made for the 1984 volumes ofGeochemica et Cosmochimica Acta, Chemical Geology, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, Geochemistry International, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Journal of Petrology, and the 1983 volume ofOrganic Geochemistry. Although a number of significant differences exist between relative proportions of text, tables, statistical graphs and maps, and other illustrations in the various journals, overall figures are comparable broadly to those found by Cleveland (1984) in a recent survey of usage in 57 journals in natural, mathematical, and social sciences. Between 18% and 35% of 1463 graphs and maps in these journals contain at least one item of error or poor presentation, indicating the need for substantial improvement in both standards of preparation and refereeing of diagrams, and we suggest guidelines for both authors and referees.Presented at the Computer Graphics in Geology meeting of the Geological Information Group of the Geological Society of London, held at the University of Bristol, England, 23 May 1985.     

Z-trend maps for quick recognition of geologic patterns

Z-trend maps are a simplified lineprinter version of spatially filtered maps designed to give a quick visual appraisal of trends. The printout shows a yes-no configuration by a printed character or a blank so that the map has a conspicuous pattern. This pattern reflects the presence, position, and trend of the desired features. If a reasonable symbol density ratio is used the results can be visually pleasing thus enhancing trend recognition. Z-trending can be adapted to any map with stationary properties but is most easily applied to data that have been filtered with a bandpass operator.     

面向气象数据可视化的多功能绘图引擎研究与实现

针对气象数据可视化应用中对渲染速度和出图质量的要求,基于抽象工厂模式设计并实现了一款集多种图形渲染技术于一体的渲染引擎。通过实时切换图形渲染技术,该引擎在保持图形显示属性不变的前提下,既能够提供由硬件加速技术所享有的高性能,又能够输出高质量的矢量图形。使用该引擎的气象信息分析处理系统能够实现天气图的交互制作,海量气象数据的实时显示,用于科研论文和业务演示的矢量格式图像文件生成。因此,该绘图引擎能够较好地满足天气预报业务和气象科研两个方面的可视化需求。     

GIS图形工作站的组建

近年来,由于日益广泛的应用领域对地理信息系统(GIS)的要求不断提高,使得GIS技术迅速发展,许多计算机领域的新技术如WebGIS技术、面向对象的数据库技术、三维技术、图像处理、人工智能技术和GPU计算技术都融合应用到GIS中,为GIS提供了先进的发展工具和手段。本文针对其发展趋势提出组建GIS图形工作站,图形工作站技术将在未来GIS的发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。     

Quantitative data graphics in 3D desktop-based virtual environments – an evaluation

3D desktop-based virtual environments provide a means for displaying quantitative data in context. Data that are inherently spatial in three dimensions may benefit from visual exploration and analysis in relation to the environment in which they were collected and to which they relate. We empirically evaluate how effectively and efficiently such data can be visually analyzed in relation to location and landform in 3D versus 2D visualizations. In two experiments, participants performed visual analysis tasks in 2D and 3D visualizations and reported insights and their confidence in them. The results showed only small differences between the 2D and 3D visualizations in the performance measures that we evaluated: task completion time, confidence, complexity, and insight plausibility. However, we found differences for different datasets and settings suggesting that 3D visualizations or 2D representations, respectively, may be more or less useful for particular datasets and contexts.     

土地整理中基于图形通达性的田间道路规划设计

农村田间道路规划的重点为道路的通达度,因为田间道路的交通流较小,道路宽度设计要求能够保证通行农机车辆。基于这个考虑,尝试将农村田间道路网通达度问题简化为图形通达性的问题进行研究,并建立了田间道路网评价指标体系,应用模糊综合评价来衡量道路网规划设计的合理与否,取得了较好的效果。     

单目视觉Tukey权因子模型室内位置测量

面向室内导航和定位的需求,本文提出了一种基于编码图形和单目视觉传感器相结合的室内移动载体位置测量方法。首先,优化设计了一系列用于移动载体空间位置计算的编码影像,利用轮廓匹配、矩计算和映射匹配相结合的方式实现空编图形的识别与定位。其次,针对编码图形中心像方坐标观测值提取残差,构建了基于单位权和Tukey权因子模型的空间后方交会方法,基于两种权重因子分别计算了移动载体的观测值残差权重,分析了不同残差的观测值对结果的影响程度。然后,构建了4组实验环境,从不同角度获取了观测影像,并进行了数据处理与分析。最后,通过实验验证,表明基于2种权因子模型的方法均能够实现载体位置的计算,但基于Tukey权因子方法具有更高的精度,平面精度提高了29.76%—49.42%,高程精度提高了29.17%—74.07%。本文方法能够为室内空间移动载体提供高精度的导航和定位测量服务。     

西部基础空间数据质量检查与评价技术研究

针对西部测图工程,采用基于地理实体的质量检查方法,并利用云模型和粗集理论进行地图质量评价。首先分析西部测区特征,在此基础上建立数字线划图质量模型,进而总结质量元素及其相应的质量子元素。其次,归纳总结基本空间算子,形成具体检查规则。然后,根据粗集的属性依赖度计算各个质量元素和质量子元素的权重,接着对评语进行云模型化,根据X-条件云发生器和最大隶属原则判断地图等级。最后研制开发了质量检查、评价软件。实验证明,检查、评价方法可行,软件自动化程度高,并具有良好的交互性。     

一种改进的最小凸包生成算法

为解决最小凸包算法在计算超过106数量级的点数时计算时间比较长的问题,提出一种将数据点集进行一次扫描,得到横向和纵向排序点表,并建立初始凸包,再运用增点法逐步从外向内判别数据点是否加入凸包表的改进算法.该方法稳定性高、计算速度快.     

气象云会商系统的设计及应用

气象部门素来有通过视频会议进行天气会商的传统,但受限于技术条件,多年以来天气会商只能在气象部门内网环境中进行。为满足用户基于互联网接入天气会商的需要,国家气象信息中心于2019年建设完成了气象云会商系统。该系统依托国产的互联网视频会议产品,采用专有云方式进行了部署,并实现了与气象部门已有的基于H.323协议视频会议系统的融合对接。通过在多个云会商系统间设置友好企业方式,不仅满足了气象部门系统分级和属地化管理的要求,也极大的提升了跨部门会商联动的简便性。本文对该系统的设计方案及关键技术进行了阐述,并介绍了其在重大活动气象服务及气象部门迎战新冠肺炎疫情过程中的应用效果,也提出了下一步云会商业务的发展方向。