On the migration of a system of protoplanets

The evolution of a system consisting of a protoplanetary disc with two embedded Jupiter-sized planets is studied numerically. The disc is assumed to be flat and non-self-gravitating; this is modelled by the planar (two-dimensional) Navier–Stokes equations. The mutual gravitational interaction of the planets and the star, and the gravitational torques of the disc acting on the planets and the central star are included. The planets have an initial mass of one Jupiter mass M _Jup each, and the radial distances from the star are one and two semimajor axes of Jupiter, respectively.
During the evolution a joint wide annular gap is created by the planets. Both planets increase their mass owing to accretion of gas from the disc: after about 2500 orbital periods of the inner planet it has reached a mass of 2.3  M _Jup, while the outer planet has reached a mass of 3.2  M _Jup. The net gravitational torques exerted by the disc on the planets result in an inward migration of the outer planet on time-scales comparable to the viscous evolution time of the disc. The semimajor axis of the inner planet remains constant as there is very little gas left in its vicinity to induce any migration. When the distance of close approach eventually becomes smaller than the mutual Hill radius, the eccentricities increase strongly and the system may become unstable.
If disc depletion occurs rapidly enough before the planets come too close to each other, a stable system similar to our own Solar system may remain. Otherwise the orbits may become unstable and produce systems like υ And.     

The evolution of bodies orbiting in the trans-Neptunian region on to intermediate-type orbits

We investigate the dynamical evolution of 210 hypothetical massless bodies initially situated between 10 and 30 au from the Sun in order to determine the general characteristics of the evolved system. This is of particular relevance to the understanding of the origin of Edgeworth–Kuiper belt objects on scattered intermediate orbits, such as 1996 TL ₆₆, which have high eccentricity and semimajor axis but nevertheless have perihelion in the region between 30 and 50 au from the Sun.     

基于CSST多色测光的时序测光精度分析

中国巡天空间望远镜(Chinese Survey Space Telescope, CSST)是中国的首个大型空间光学望远镜, 将对包括系外行星探测在内的诸多科学目标开展研究, 有望取得前沿科学进展. 时序测光精度是CSST重要的性能指标, 受到物理噪声和仪器噪声的影响, 需要通过数值模拟对其分析和评估. 模拟基于目前公布的CSST主要技术参数, 建立了时序的恒星信号和噪声模型, 以CSST的i波段为例, 分析凝视观测模式下的测光精度. 通过数值仿真, 展示了孔径测光中各项噪声的贡献, 特别是由指向抖动和像素响应不均匀性导致的抖动噪声. 模拟结果还给出了测光孔径的推荐范围. 为了获得更高的信噪比, 可以减小仪器抖动振幅和像素不均匀性, 或者采用参考星较差测光的方式. 结果为CSST后续的时序测光精度与不同指标参数的相关性分析、系外行星探测能力评估以及测光数据处理提供了模拟数据的支撑.     

Precise positions of Phoebe determined with CCD image-overlapping calibration

This paper presents 210 positions of Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn, observed with the 1-m telescope at the Yunnan Observatory during the years 2003–2005, using a CCD image-overlapping calibration method proposed recently by Peng et al. After the observed positions of Phoebe are compared with its theoretical positions computed by the new JPL ephemerides DE405 and SAT199, the mean residuals (observed minus computed) are 0.21 and −0.05 arcsec in right ascension and declination, respectively, with a standard deviation of 0.06 arcsec.     

编队卫星InsAR系统的相位同步分析

编队卫星InSAR系统属多基雷达系统,依靠编队卫星构型形成干涉所需的基线。一发多收工作模式下的编队卫星InSAR高程测量系统,协同工作的雷达间必须建立时间同步、相位同步和空间同步,其同步精度将影响InSAR系统的功能与性能。三大同步中,相位同步误差直接影响SAR复影像的相位误差,从而影响系统的高程测量精度。本文根据编队卫星条件下SAR成像的要求,对相位同步的要求进行了分析,并给出了由于相位不同步所引起的相位误差对InSAR高程测量精度影响。分析结果表明,编队卫星InSAR系统对于相位同步的要求包含两个方面:一是为保证被动雷达能够对回波实现相参成像,在整个合成孔径时间内,主动和被动两个雷达在载波相位上必须保持确定和可知的关系,且其差值随系统距离向分辨率的不同必须限定在一定范围内;二是在整个干涉数据的录取时间里,主动和被动两个雷达载波相位同步误差不能超过高程测量的精度要求所允许的误差。     

丘陵地区边界层风廓线雷达数据统计特性分析

采用数据获取率来分析和评价风廓线雷达的探测能力, 对通过2012年的风廓线数据进行统计分析。结果表明:数据获取率和信噪比都随季节变化, 夏季探测能力大于冬季。按照数据获取率达到80%的要求, 确定边界层风廓线雷达无降雨天气有效探测高度为3 km, 并确定低模和高模最佳衔接高度为0.6 km, 能够获得更好的数据获取率。在无降雨天气, 信噪比随高度呈现对数函数单调递减的变化规律, 夏季信噪比的衰减程度比冬季大;在降雨天气, 信噪比随高度呈现一次函数的变化规律, 其斜率范围在-10.44~-2.47之间, 而夏季信噪比的衰减程度比冬季小。     

融合多尺度视网膜图像增强的动态云检测

云检测是气象卫星各类定量遥感产品的基础,无论是以云图为基础的天气分析还是以去云为前提的各类大气和地表参数反演、沙尘火情等灾害检测,都需要对遥感影像中的云进行准确识别,尤其是薄云和云边缘等细节识别。针对静止气象卫星(以Himawari-8为例)精细化云检测,本文提出了一种基于多尺度视网膜图像增强的动态云检测算法。该算法基于云层与背景信息辐射特征不同的原理,构建可见光和红外波段的晴空辐射背景场,通过多尺度图像增强和最大类间差方法对辐射差值进行云细节信息的增强和提取。利用2021-2022年的75景MODIS云检测产品作为验证数据进行算法精度验证,整体上算法精度达到91.13%,召回率为94.02%,精确率为86.71%,有较强的适用性和稳健性,且已经较好地支撑了近两年的定量遥感产品业务化应用。     

RESEARCH ON AUTOMATIC FOG IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING

There is an urgent need for the development of a method that can undertake rapid, effective, and accurate monitoring and identification of fog by satellite remote sensing, since heavy fog can cause enormous disasters to China’s national economy and people's lives and property in the urban and coastal areas. In this paper, the correlative relationship between the reflectivity of land surface and clouds in different time phases is found, based on the analysis of the radiative and satellite-based spectral characteristics of fog. Through calculation and analyses of the relative variability of the reflectivity in the images, the threshold to identify quasi-fog areas is generated automatically. Furthermore, using the technique of quick image run-length encoding, and in combination with such practical methods as analyzing texture and shape fractures, smoothness, and template characteristics, the automatic identification of fog and fog-cloud separation using meteorological satellite remote sensing images are studied, with good results in application.     

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Availability in the Yellow River Basin

The changes in hydrological processes in the Yellow River basin were simulated by using the Community Land Model(CLM,version 3.5),driven by historical climate data observed from 1951 to 2008.A comparison of modeled soil moisture and runoff with limited observations in the basin suggests a general drying trend in simulated soil moisture,runoff,and precipitation-evaporation balance(P-E) in most areas of the Yellow River basin during the observation period.Furthermore,annual soil moisture,runoff,and P-E averaged over the entire basin have declined by 3.3%,82.2%,and 32.1%,respectively.Significant drying trends in soil moisture appear in the upper and middle reaches of the basin,whereas a significant trend in declining surface runoff and P-E occurred in the middle reaches and the southeastern part of the upper reaches.The overall decreasing water availability is characterized by large spatial and temporal variability.