(Re)surveying the uses of Geographical Information Systems in Health Authorities 1991–2001

This paper provides a comparative analysis of two separate national surveys of the uptake and use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) by Health Authorities (HAs) in England and Wales. The surveys were undertaken at two different time points (1991 and 2001), and the intervening period has been characterized by major (and continuing) health sector restructuring. The substantial number of HA mergers between 1991 and 2001 provide a methodological challenge in attempting to make comparisons. A pragmatic approach is adopted and the presentation of results has to be restricted solely to English and Welsh HA data. Our findings show that there has been a considerable increase in the use of GIS since the early 1990s, and there is some evidence of more sophisticated uses for a wider range of policy-related and application tasks. However, we conclude that there is still considerable scope for the wider uptake and use of GIS within the NHS. In addition, our findings provide a baseline with which to monitor the impacts of future organizational restructuring on the uses of GIS within the NHS. We suggest that this is important given the replacement of 95 English HAs with 28 new Strategic HAs (StHAs) from April 2002, and the repercussions of the anticipated shift in GIS responsibility to Primary Care Trusts.     

Eco-environment range in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers

Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×104 km2. Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×104 km2. Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.     

Present land use and cover patterns and their development potential in North Ningxia

With the objectives to acquire the fundamental data of the territorial resource, understand the impacts of human activities on the land use and cover patterns and evaluate the potential of the future exploitation, an intensive land cover classification with an accuracy of 93% has been completed for North Ningxia by remote sensing technique based on the adoption of a combination method composed of texture training, maximum likelihood classification and post-processing such as re-allocation and aggregation. This classification result was incorporated with the contemporaneous socio-economic and meteorological data for cross-sectional regression modelling to reveal the spatial determinants of the land cover patterns and understand the human-environmental relationships. A tentative evaluation on the potential of soil exploitation in the near future was carried out in combination with our land use and cover change detection results aiming at supplying some useful references for the central and local governments in their sustainable land use planning.     

天然气水合物研究现状与展望

自20世纪90年代以来,世界各国对潜力巨大的新型能源———天然气水合物的研究做了大量的投入,已经取得了重大进展。本文在阐述国外天然气水合物的研究现状的同时,重点介绍了我国在天然气水合物勘探开发和实验模拟方面取得的一些进展,并展望其在能源、环境和其它研究领域的发展前景。     

细菌浸铜技术在紫金山铜矿的应用

介绍了生物浸矿技术在紫金山铜矿的应用及在这一过程中发现的一些问题，并提出了有待进一步解决的一些问题。     

大港油田盐山-庆云地区油气运移富集规律的研究

盐山-庆云地区具多凸多凹、地质条件复杂、多向供油（气）的特点。油气化探异常发育不平衡，具有成带分布、局部富集的特征。西部主要的轻烃（CH4）异常强，东部则是重烃（C2H6、C3H8）异常最发育，由西向东轻烃逐渐下降，重烃不断增加，非烃指标（Hg、△C）异常与重烃异常基本相拟，Ks、Fe^2 异常规律不明显。根据烃类指标的分带性，轻、重烃异常规律和富集特征划分为气显示带，油显示带和油气显示带。中部地区的即油气显示带是油气最有远景的地段。     

油气化探中甲烷碳同位素应用、存在问题与对策研究

阐述了在地表油气化探实践当中甲烷碳同位素对地表土壤烃气成因判别的有效性，但有时也会遇到判断错误的情况。通过对应用实例的分析，指出因忽略了土壤中异常甲烷是一种混合成因甲烷，从而导致判断失误。为全面解决这一问题，提出了同时选送数量相当的背景土壤样品和异常样品进行甲烷同位素测定，然后通过教学方法计算出真实反映来源于油气藏中的甲烷的碳同位素值的对策方案。     

大港油田板深22井油气地球化学异常特征

根据板深22井中不同地球化学指标的背景含量和异常特征，重点探索和总结了不同油气层的化探指纹指标，并根据地表指纹指标的异常组合、配套关系及异常特征，对油气层的埋深进行了初步预测，为今后该地区地表开展预测油气藏埋深的工作提供了一定的地球化学依据。