蜜桔叶片中八种元素的对比分析及其对果实品质的影响

研究了火焰原子吸收光度法连续测定干灰化法处理的南丰蜜桔叶片样品中Ca,Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mn,Fe等八种中微量元素的方法.实验表明,本方法连续测定植物中的微量元素含量,具有准确度高、操作简易、设备使用费用低等特点.通过对比分析,探讨不同品质南丰蜜桔叶片中微量元素的含量分布及差异,测定结果可用于指导桔农对微肥的施用.结果表明,在所研究的元素中,品质差的南丰蜜桔叶片中严重缺乏Ca,Mg两无素,因此,建议桔农追施硫酸钙和硫酸镁.     

北美东部威斯康星中、晚期古环境与气候变化的甲虫化石证据

北美Laurentide冰盖于末次冰期的大部分时间在北美东北部一直存在，冰盖的活动对北美东部冰期时的环境和气候有很大的影响。甲虫分析表明，北美东部中纬度地区在威斯康星中、晚期的气候以寒冷为主，中间分别在42000aB.P.,34000aB.P.和28000aB.P.出现3次明显的气候变暖。此区威斯康星中期气候冷暖波动的幅度和出现的时间可以与同期的格陵兰冰芯记录及北大西洋Heinrich事件对比。     

徐淮地区冬小麦叶龄与有效积温的样条模式

分析冬小麦越冬前叶龄变化，温度有效性随播期，发育期变化及其对叶龄的影响。用样条回归方法，建立了叶龄与有效积温模式，并用该模式确定冬小麦适播期以及插补缺测的叶龄。     

杂交水稻株型因素的相关性及其规律

根据我国超级杂交稻育种研究的技术思路 ,以两优培九 (培矮 6 4S/931 1 )、6 5396、931 1、E32、汕优 6 3、培矮 6 4S、399等 7个株型特性不同的品种 (组合 )为材料 ,测定了 4类 2 0项株型因素并作相关分析。认为株高和叶角是超高产育种和栽培的两项最主要的株型因素。通过对生态条件和两优培九株高变化关系的分析 ,有平均株高的 1 2 .6 %是由温度引起的 ,并建立了株高的生态预测模型。通过对抽穗后顶部三叶的 8种叶角度配置的单位受光量的理论模拟计算证明 ,理想的株型应以剑叶与倒二叶距离 ( d1 2 )为 1 5cm,倒二叶与倒三叶距离 ( d2 3)为 2 5cm,叶角配置应以 4°～ 6°(剑叶 ) ,9°～ 1 1°(倒二叶 ) ,1 4°～ 1 6°(倒三 )为宜。这些结果可以为超级杂交稻株型育种提供依据。     

植被单叶光谱特性的理论模拟

利用PROSPECT模型和实测的玉米叶片光谱数据，得出了叶肉结构参数N，从而模拟了在不同的叶绿不比和水分含量下玉米叶片的光学特性；发现叶绿素对叶片吸收率的影响在可见光部分占了主导作用，随着叶绿素含量的增加，叶片的吸收率增加；从近红外到2400nm，水分对吸收率的影响占据了主导地位，此时，随着水分含量的增加，叶片的吸收率也开始增加。同时，给定叶绿素和水分含量，还模拟了当叶肉结构参数变化时的叶片的光学特性，随着N的增大，叶片的反射率逐渐增大，并渐趋一致，而透过率随着N的增加而渐减小，最后也逐渐靠近。     

Simulation of leaf area index and biomass at landscape scale

The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure was: (1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images; (2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated; (3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch, stem, root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated; (4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained. The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcInfo software. The method is also a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale. A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated. Analysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.     

用LAI监测植被信息分析飞蝗生境

东亚飞蝗自20世纪80年代以来在我国再度猖獗危害。本文选择国家一类蝗区河北省黄骅市为实验区,用植被冠层孔隙度反演了该地区不同植被的LAI。从光学模型建立机理及数量分析的角度,分析和对比了四种由植被冠层孔隙度反演LAI的算法。结果表明,在四种估算方法中LAI-2000算法最适用于研究区植被LAI的估算。为了验证分析结果,用实测的植被盖度与四种算法反演的LAI进行了拟合。发现LAI与植被盖度之间呈明显的正相关关系,且LAI-2000算法最能反映研究区的植被特征。在此基础上,建立了LAI与飞蝗发生面积的关系模型,发现两者之间呈负线性相关,即随着LAI的减小,飞蝗的发生面积呈线性增大。研究结果为实时、快速、大面积监测蝗虫种群动态奠定了基础,并为合理、经济地防治蝗灾提供了科学依据。     

2000—2016年广西防城金花茶自然保护区关键生态环境参数时空变化

植被覆盖度(FVC)和叶面积指数(LAI)作为关键生态环境参数,其时空动态变化的遥感监测对揭示陆地生态环境演变规律与科学监管生态环境具有重要意义.本文基于2000—2016年GLASS产品的植被覆盖度和叶面积指数数据,对广西防城金花茶国家级自然保护区FVC和LAI的时空动态变化进行监测.研究结果表明:①2000—201...     

Use of principal components of UAV-acquired narrow-band multispectral imagery to map the diverse low stature vegetation fAPAR

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) is an important plant physiological index that is used to assess the ability of vegetation to absorb PAR, which is utilized to sequester carbon in the atmosphere. This index is also important for monitoring plant health and productivity, which has been widely used to monitor low stature crops and is a crucial metric for food security assessment. The fAPAR has been commonly correlated with a greenness index derived from spaceborne optical imagery, but the relatively coarse spatial or temporal resolution may prohibit its application on complex land surfaces. In addition, the relationships between fAPAR and remotely sensed greenness data may be influenced by the heterogeneity of canopies. Multispectral and hyperspectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging systems, conversely, can provide several spectral bands at sub-meter resolutions, permitting precise estimation of fAPAR using chemometrics. However, the data pre-processing procedures are cumbersome, which makes large-scale mapping challenging. In this study, we applied a set of well-verified image processing protocols and a chemometric model to a lightweight, frame-based and narrow-band (10 nm) UAV imaging system to estimate the fAPAR over a relatively large cultivated land area with a variety of low stature vegetation of tropical crops along with native and non-native grasses. A principal component regression was applied to 12 bands of spectral reflectance data to minimize the collinearity issue and compress the data variation. Stepwise regression was employed to reduce the data dimensionality, and the first, third and fifth components were selected to estimate the fAPAR. Our results indicate that 77% of the fAPAR variation was explained by the model. All bands that are sensitive to foliar pigment concentrations, canopy structure and/or leaf water content may contribute to the estimation, especially those located close to (720 nm) or within (750 nm and 780 nm) the near-infrared spectral region. This study demonstrates that this narrow-band frame-based UAV system would be useful for vegetation monitoring. With proper pre-flight planning and hardware improvement, the mapping of a narrow-band multispectral UAV system could be comparable to that of a manned aircraft system.     

船舶减纵摇方法研究

针对现有减小船舶纵摇的方法和装置进行总结和分析,并在此基础之上详细介绍一种新型十字型的被动式抗纵摇舵.通过对比分析,抗纵摇舵对于船舶具有明显地减小纵摇的减摇效果.