Assessing adaptability of planted trees using leaf traits: A case study with Robinia pseudoacacia L. in the Loess Plateau, China

Leaf trait patterns and their variations with climate are interpreted as an adaptive adjustment to environment.This study assessed the adaptability of planted black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) based on the analysis of leaf traits and the comparison of its leaf traits with inter-specific ones existing in the same area.We measured some water and N use related leaf traits: leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and N,P and K concentrations based on both leaf area (Narea,Parea and Karea) and leaf mass (Nmass,Pm...     

Estimating leaf area index by inversion of reflectance model for semiarid natural grasslands

The study developed an integrated reflectance model combining radiative transfer and geometric optical properties in order to inverse leaf area index (LAI) of semiarid natural grasslands. In order to better link remote sensing information with land plants, and facilitate regional and global climate change studies, the model introduced a simple but important geometrical similarity parameter related to plant crown shapes. The model revealed the influences of different plant crown shapes (such as spherical, cylindrical/cuboidal and conic crowns) on leaf/branch angle distribution frequencies, shadow ground coverage, shadowed or sunlit background fractions, canopy reflectance, and scene reflectance. The modeled reflectance data agreed with the measured ones in the three Leymus chinensis steppes with different degradation degrees, which validated the reflectance model. The lower the degradation degree was, the better the modeled data agreed with the measured data. After this reflectance model was coupled with the optimization inversion method, LAI over the entire study region was estimated once every eight days using the eight-day products of surface reflectance obtained by multi-spectral Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) during the growing seasons in 2002. The temporal and spatial patterns of inversed LAI for the steppes with different cover degrees, swamps, flood plains, and croplands agreed with the general laws and measurements very well. But for unused land cover types (sands, saline, and barren lands) and forestlands, totally accounting for about 10% of the study region, the reasonable LAI values were not derived by inversing, requiring further revising of the model or the development of a new model for them. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30500076), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714407), and the President Foundation of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. YZJJ200205)     

叶片化学组分成像光谱遥感探测机理分析

利用地面光谱仪的测量数据 ,进行了成像光谱遥感探测叶片化学组分的机理性研究。采用多元逐步回归方法 ,分析了鲜叶片 7种化学组分含量与其光谱特性的统计关系 ,分别建立了反射率 ρ及其变化式 1/ρ、logρ和ρ的一阶导数Kρ 与化学组分含量的统计方程 ,并对这 4个指标的性能进行了比较和评价。结果表明 ,在 95 %的置信水平下 ,可以由叶片的精细光谱特征较好地反映出化学组分含量 ;特别是利用Kρ 作为因子 ,使置信水平提高到 99% ,尤以对粗蛋白质、N、K含量反映最好 ,R2 均达到 0 8以上 ,粗蛋白质可达 0 95 6 4,从而为进一步探讨在中国利用成像光谱遥感探测叶片化学组分奠定了基础     

西北地区陆地生态系统植被状态参数业务化遥感研究

植被指数(NDVI)和叶面积指数(LAI)是两个非常重要的陆地生态系统植被状态参数.我们首先利用最大值(MVC)合成方法使用先进遥感数据如MODIS、AVHRR3等得到旬合成植被指数(NDVI),然后利用最新的经验方法针对不同的陆地生态系统类型反演得到叶面积指数,重点研究了我国沙尘暴发生频率较高的我国西北地区植被覆被状态及其变化情况.植被指数能够反映区域,乃至全球范围植被年季状态,用于监测陆地生态系统植物光合作用活动及其变化.植被指数作为一个基础参数能够用于计算反演更高级别的陆地生态系统状态参数.叶面积指数直接影响植被的光合作用,蒸腾作用的变化和陆面过程的能量平衡状态.在沙尘暴预测研究中使用的起沙过程模型需要将叶面积指数作为一个关键输入变量,另外,绝大多数生态过程模型模拟碳、水循环时也都需要将叶面积指数作为一个非常重要的输入变量.我们总结了最新的叶面积指数经验反演方法,针对6钟不同的陆地生态系统类型应用不同经验模型计算得到了叶面积指数.     

青藏高原大气—植被相互作用的模拟试验Ⅱ.植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力

利用大气－植被相互作用模式AVIM对青藏高原上30个站点进行模拟计算，给出了青藏高原上植被叶面积指数和净初级生产力的分布特征。模拟结果表明，高原上叶面积指数、净初级生产力由东南向西北减少，模拟和观测的分布相一致。分析指出，青藏高原净初级生产力的分布决定于水热条件的共同作用，降水充沛、温度适宜的青藏高原东南部净初级生产力较高，而青藏高原西北部由于降水过少或温度过低，初级生产力很低。     

采用DBM方法的时间序列LAI建模与估算

运用DBM(Data Based Mechanistic)方法,使用MODIS数据,建立了遥感观测反射率数据与叶面积指数(LAI)在时间序列上的统计关系模型(LAI_DBM模型),并结合部分Bigfoot站点实测LAI数据进行了模型检验。结果显示,LAI_DBM模型能够较好表达时间序列反射率与LAI的动态变化关系。LAI_DBM模型使用遥感观测数据实时估算得到的LAI,在数据质量和时间连续性上比MODISLAI有改进。     

基于常规扫描仪的植物叶面积计算系统

以计算机和扫描仪的组合技术为基础 ,用ViscalBasic 6 0语言 ,建立了Lea fArea1 0植物叶面积计算系统 ,经过对扫描图片的像素分析 ,实现了植物叶面积测定 ,其测定的误差小于 2‰ ,是一项易于业务化的应用系统。     

A New Scheme for Predicting Leaf Onset in Summer-Green Vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere

A modified thermal time model(MTM) was developed to reproduce the leaf onset for summer-green vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere. The model adopts the basic concept of a thermal time model(TM) in that leaf onset is primarily triggered by growing degree days(GDD). Based on global phenology data derived from satellite observations, a new parameterization for the critical model parameter Tb(i.e., baseline temperature for GDD calculation) has been introduced, and the spatial distribution of Tb was calculated. Simulations of leaf onset during 1982–2000 in the range 30–90°N showed a significant improvement of MTM over the standard TM model with constant Tb. The mean error and mean absolute error of the climatological simulation were 1.11 and 6.8 days, respectively, and 90% of the model error(5th and 95 th percentiles) was between-12.4 and 13.7 days.     

两种人工湿地条件下芦苇与芦竹生理生态特性研究

通过对芦苇（Phragmites australis）和芦竹（Arundo donax）在模拟表面流湿地和潜流湿地条件下的生长特性比较,发现在两种人工湿地生长的两种植物叶片水势基本一致。对于植株相对生长率,叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度等指标,芦苇各项指标在两种人工湿地间的差异不显著;芦竹在潜流湿地中的生长特性明显优于表面流湿地,二者间差异极显著（n=3,P〈0．01）。根系的生长状况与叶片水势情况表明水分供需并不是影响植物生理差异的因素;叶片叶绿素含量与光合作用的正相关表现说明叶绿素是影响两种湿地类型上植物生理特性差异的主要因素;芦苇、芦竹在两种人工湿地间的生理生态差异说明芦苇能适应两种湿地生境,而芦竹更适合种植在潜流人工湿地。     

如何利用化石植物定量研究古海拔？

古海拔问题是当前古植物学与古环境研究领域中的难点之一,属于化石植物生物学与地球科学和环境科学相互交叉、相互渗透的前沿性研究。定量研究古海拔的变化对阐述诸如青藏高原抬升历史等重大科学问题具有十分重要的意义。应用生物学的思想和方法,利用化石植物研究地质历史时期古海拔的变化是当前研究的一个热点。化石植物既是研究地质历史时期植被演替的直接证据,又是研究古海拔变化的珍贵材料。本文简述了利用化石植物定量研究古海拔的3类主要方法,即最近亲缘种分析、共存因子分析和叶相分析的基本原理和实际应用,侧重分析中国地区（如西藏南部南木林盆地）古海拔的研究进展和存在问题,并结合近年来的研究实践展望了将来的工作。