GIS中空间信息多种地图显示模式的研究

通过对目前GIS中电子地图显示的分析研究,指出了GIS中空间信息地图显示存在的问题。针对目前电子地图显示模式的单一性、显示环境的多变性和显示效果的平淡性,提出了电子地图显示模式的概念。指出了影响地图显示模式变换的因素主要有空间数据的用途、屏幕比例尺、使用环境和显示的设备等,并分析了常用地图显示模式的可视化特点。对基于多种地图显示模式的符号库和显示模板进行了初步的研究,为深入研究空间信息可视化进行了初步尝试。     

数码相机内参数的实验场法标定

介绍了数码相机的径向畸变、偏心畸变和像平面内仿射畸变对像点影响的畸变羞模型；采用实验场法对内参数进行了标定；通过一系列实验，得到了一些有益的结论。     

A binocular parallel rendering method for VR globes

ABSTRACT

The scene-rendering mechanism based on binocular vision is one of the key techniques for the VR globe to achieve immersion-type visualization of global 3D scenes. However, this special rendering mechanism also requires that the 3D scene is continuously drawn twice within one frame, which significantly affects the rendering efficiency of VR globes. Therefore, we propose a binocular parallel rendering method. This method first improves the current rendering process of VR globes by assigning the rendering tasks for the left and right camera of VR to be processed on different CPU cores, thereby achieving parallel rendering of binocular scenes. Second, due to the problem of inconsistent resolution of binocular scenes caused by different viewpoints for the left and right cameras, we propose a resolution synchronize algorithm. this algorithm conducts real-time synchronization on the resolution of scene in the rendering process and thus avoids the problem of erroneous binocular stereo matching. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the method in this paper through experiments. The results of experiments indicate that while the method in this paper can ensure the consistency of binocular scene resolution, it can decrease the frame time of VR globes by approximately 27% on average.     

相机内参数标定的评价指标研究与实验

相机内参数的标定受标定环境、标定物规格、标定相片数量等诸多难以进行理论分析的因素影响,导致在实际工程应用中,相机内参数标定的评估存在精度不确定性问题。基于数学统计量设计了相机内参数标定精度评估指标,针对标定相片数量和标定物距对相机标定精度的影响进行研究,并对两种典型相机——工业相机和数码相机,进行内参数标定实测试验及分析。结果表明,当标定参数值达到收敛时,相片收敛数量与标定物距成正比关系;与像主点标定相比,焦距的标定收敛效率更高,达到收敛所需的相片数量更少,但随着标定物距增大,两者的差异逐渐缩小。内参数标定精度的评估指标为相机内标定算法的改进及操作流程提供评估手段,为实际标定工作提供参考和借鉴。     

数字摄影测量发展的机遇与挑战

论述了数字摄影测量给学科、产业带来的机遇、变革与挑战,指出数字摄影测量的发展已超出了摄影测量的范畴,它是摄影测量与计算机(计算机视觉)界共同的责任。讨论了数字摄影测量与数字地球的关系。     

基于嘴唇色度Fisher分类的驾驶疲劳视觉检测

为提高驾驶疲劳检测的准确率和可靠性,利用唇色和肤色的色度分布差异,挑选3个典型颜色特征构建Fisher分类器用于提取唇色区域.采用区域连通算法对二值唇色区域进行滤波处理,运用改进积分投影算法确定嘴唇边界,根据嘴巴开合度及打呵欠频率判断驾驶员是否疲劳.实验结果表明:基于3个颜色特征构建的Fisher分类器在唇色提取效果上明显优于单一颜色特征的提取效果;改进的积分投影算法能提高嘴唇边界定位的精度和速度;基于打呵欠频率的驾驶疲劳检测方法具有更优的检测准确率和可靠性.融合多个典型颜色特征可改善唇色提取的鲁棒性和可靠性,有助于驾驶疲劳检测效果的提高.     

基于鱼体运动特征和图像纹理特征的鱼类摄食行为识别与量化

针对水产养殖中的精准投喂问题,以大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)为研究对象,提出一种基于鱼体运动特征和图像纹理特征的鱼群摄食活动强度量化方法,进行鱼类摄食行为识别研究。利用自适应背景差分及光流法得到运动鱼体的速度、转角,并通过信息熵统计速度和转角的分布,之后通过灰度共生矩阵提取能量、熵、对比度、相关性和逆差距5个图像纹理特征值。最后,结合鱼体运动特征及图像纹理特征,对鱼类摄食行为进行识别和检测。实验结果表明,该方法的识别准确率达到了94.17%,相较于单一特征检测本研究的检测精度更高。     

视觉基本矩阵与摄影测量中相对方位元素的关系推导

数字摄影测量与计算机视觉（特别是计算机立体视觉）的研究内容十分相近。基本矩阵是计算机视觉领域里的一个重要概念,其求解的稳健性和精度将直接影响到三维重构的效果和意义。从两者研究的对象出发,找出了两者之间的内在联系,也即视觉基本矩阵F与相对方位元素求解公式之间的表达关系,这将对今后数字摄影测量和计算机视觉两门学科的交叉发展有重要意义。     

Toward a unified theoretical framework for photogrammetry

ABSTRACT

The objective of photogrammetry is to extract information from imagery. With the increasing interaction of sensing and computing technologies, the fundamentals of photogrammetry have undergone an evolutionary change in the past several decades. Numerous theoretical progresses and practical applications have been reported from traditionally different but related multiple disciplines, including computer vision, photogrammetry, computer graphics, pattern recognition, remote sensing and machine learning. This has gradually extended the boundary of traditional photogrammetry in both theory and practice. This paper introduces a new, holistic theoretical framework to describe various photogrammetric tasks and solutions. Under this framework, photogrammetry is generally regarded as a reversed imaging process formulated as a unified optimization problem. Depending on the variables to be determined through optimization, photogrammetric tasks are mostly divided into image space tasks, image-object space tasks and object space tasks, each being a special case of the general formulation. This paper presents representative solution approaches for each task. With this effort, we intend to advocate an imminent and necessary paradigm change in both research and learning of photogrammetry.     

面向ARV的视觉辅助水下对接方法研究

针对水下机器人作业过程中的近距离引导水下对接问题,以自治缆控水下机器人(ARV)为研究对象,为实现快速、高精度的水下对接,设计了基于反射光源识别的单目视觉辅助水下对接方法。通过在对接口布置反光带并将其作为目标图像,设计了图像处理和特征点提取的算法,经过图像特征信息的分析处理,优化算法的时间复杂度,提高了特征点提取的准确率和识别效率。最后设计了传统的引导灯方案与反光带方案的对比试验,验证算法的可行性,证明在水下环境下识别反射光源的方法极大提升了位置估计的准确率,同时在计算速度上也有显著提高,弥补了传统水下对接方法中精度不足或计算量大的缺陷,更好地满足了ARV水下对接的需求,能为潜水器实现水下自主对接提供参考依据。