机载LiDAR点云中道路的提取方法

针对国内外许多专家学者对道路提取进行了大量的研究,但国内少有文章对这些研究进行归纳总结这一问题,该文对近年来国内外所有的研究现状进行总结概括。机载LiDAR点云进行道路提取中由于道路点云与地面点云高程相差很小、激光反射强度相近,导致道路提取一直是一个难点。文中系统阐述了从LiDAR中进行道路提取的各个过程、存在的问题以及对应的处理方法。最后,对此项研究内容进行了展望。     

一种基于DEM的高程最优路径选取算法及其实现

针对当前GIS道路选线缺乏定制化的问题,本文设计并实现了基于DEM的高程最优路径选取算法,该算法将高程作为道路选线因素,以匀坡作为选线标准,采用上下行算法和内分插值算法进行道路选线。基于ArcGIS Engine平台,对设计的算法进行了编程,最终实现了卓呼线的自动选取。实验证明,该算法可以利用DEM格网点高程自动绘制匀坡线,从而生成高程成本最优路径。同时,该算法时间复杂度较低,计算速度快,健壮性良好,运算成果正确,不失为一种快速的道路选线新方法。     

针对简化路网的基于序列的双向合并地图匹配算法

简化路网具有结构简单、算法运行速度快的特点,对地图匹配算法的基础研究具有应用价值。本文针对简化路网的GPS轨迹数据地图匹配问题提出了一种基于序列的双向合并算法。实验结果表明:本算法不仅具有较好的匹配度,还优于现有的Passby算法和增量算法,并且在匹配过程中解决了遗漏路段和极值等错误问题。所以,本算法对于实际路网的地图匹配具有较好的借鉴作用。     

无线传感器网络在滑坡监测中的应用

针对现有滑坡灾害监测系统的局限性,本文采用了一种基于C/S架构的无线传感器网络监测系统。该系统采用C/S结构,以传感器为基础,以数据采集设备作为过渡,通过无线GPRS网络将数据发送至远端的服务器。本文详细介绍了该系统的系统架构以及软硬件设计,并在实际的实验中对其进行了监测,结果证明,该系统可以很好地完成滑坡的实时、无间断监测。     

UAV航测结合三维激光扫描的古栈道测绘建模

针对古栈道遗址的精密测绘与三维建模的需求,该文采用无人机倾斜航空摄影测量的方法获取山崖航摄影像并生成点云,采用地面三维激光扫描的方法获取栈孔数据并生成点云,将两种点云数据利用最近点迭代算法相融合,获得融合点云并生成三角网模型,附上纹理贴图,便得到了遗址现状的三维数字模型,并利用该模型完成了虚拟复原。本次古栈道精密测绘及复原在国内尚属首次,为相关研究提供了新方法。     

道路网信息层次度量方法

针对目前以信息熵度量道路网信息方法存在的不合理、不准确的问题,该文提出一种基于空间认知的道路网信息层次度量方法。从地图空间信息产生的本质出发,结合空间信息认知的层次性特点,将道路网空间信息划分为3个层次:元素层次道路要素的几何形态信息、邻域层次邻接道路的空间关系信息、整体层次道路分布信息。依据各层次空间特征的多样性,分别建立3个层次空间特征的定量描述指标,计算基于各指标的几何形态信息、空间关系信息、道路分布信息。最后,通过实验分析验证了该方法的合理性。     

Integrating the multi-label land-use concept and cellular automata with the artificial neural network-based Land Transformation Model: an integrated ML-CA-LTM modeling framework

Cellular automata (CA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used by researchers over the last three decades to simulate land-use change (LUC). While conventional CA and ANN models assign a cell to only one land-use class, in reality, a cell may belong to several land-use classes simultaneously. The recently developed multi-label (ML) concept overcomes this limitation in land change science. Although the ML concept is a new paradigm with nonexclusive classes and has shown considerable merit in several applications, few studies in land change science have applied it. In addition, determining transition rules in conventional CA is difficult when the number of drivers is large. Since CA has been shown as a potential model to consider neighborhood effects and ANN has been shown effective in determining CA transition rules, we integrated both CA with an ANN model to overcome limitations of each tool. In this study, we specifically extended the ANN-based Land Transformation Model (LTM) with both a CA-based model and the ML concept to create an integrated ML-CA-LTM modeling framework. We also compared, using standard evaluation measures, differences between the proposed integrated model with a conventional CA-based LTM model (called the ml-CA-LTM). Parameterization was made using a learning and testing procedure common in machine learning. Results showed that the modified LUC model, ML-CA-LTM, produced consistently better goodness of fit calibration values compared to the ml-CA-LTM. The outcome of this modified model can be used by managers and decision makers for improved urban planning.     

基于单时相高分辨率遥感影像的震后道路提取研究

地震发生后,道路是生命救援及运输物资的重要通道,因此,快速有效地获取道路的信息是震后抢险救灾非常关键的一步。在震前影像及矢量数据等缺失的情况下,本文基于2014年8月3日云南鲁甸地震的单时相高分辨率World View-2遥感影像进行了震后毁损道路提取方法研究。在提出的一个震后毁损道路提取方法中,先在e Cognition软件中对影像进行多尺度分割和最邻近分类,然后在Matlab软件平台下对分类结果进行二值化,并用数学形态学技术去除偏大和偏小的地物,最后利用Hough变换进行道路检测得到毁损的路段。实验结果证明:该方法能够快速有效地提取出震后的山区道路毁损信息,可为地震应急提供信息支持。     

基于VRS的城市道路改建测量方案设计与实施

针对城市化发展中的道路改建工程,本文以城市虚拟参考站为基础,设计了相应的测量方案。对测量成果进行分析和效益评价,得出VRS技术在大中城市的基础测绘中有较好的应用。本文涉及的道路改建工程对类似的城市测绘工作具有借鉴意义。     

Understanding water pollution management: Evidence and insights from incorporating cultural theory in social network analysis

Social network analysis gives a rigid assessment of network structure while cultural theory helps explain management outcomes in more detail. The combination of these methods provides significant and alternative insights about the complexity of water pollution management. Applied in the case study of the Calumpang Watershed in the Philippines, two types of relations were evaluated, namely, resource sharing and cooperative activities. Factors affecting cooperation and the creation of bridges were assessed in social network analysis, while cultural theory was used to reveal the underlying views of key actors on the nature of the river and its management. Evidence showed that cooperation was significantly influenced by resource sharing regardless of institutional affiliation, while bridges were created by becoming the pools of information and resources in the network. Using cultural theory, this study found out that local government officials dominantly have a mixture of hierarchist and egalitarian views characterizing belief in both rule-bound and group-motivated actions to solve the water pollution problem. However, their egalitarian views on management did not manifest in the current network. The study concludes that collaborative partnerships for water pollution management can be facilitated by promoting resource flow, utilizing influential bridges in the network, and understanding the unconventional values of government actors. Combining social network analysis and cultural theory is recommended to generate a more critical assessment of the institutional complexity of pollution and other water issues in watersheds.