316国道K25+040～+140段滑坡治理中的抗滑桩结构设计

介绍了316国道K25 040～ 140段滑坡治理工程中的抗滑桩设计过程，讨论了抗滑桩设计中滑推力的计算方法及公式、抗滑桩的结构设计及配筋，将抗滑桩的内力计算简化成较为实用的公式来计算。还介绍了抗滑桩间土体的排水设计，对排水管的具体做法作了详尽地阐述。     

Artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic based control of spillway gates of dams

In this paper a new and efficient control method based on fuzzy logic is proposed for real‐time operation of spillway gates of a reservoir during any flood of any magnitude up to the probable maximum flood. Artificial neural networks are used to model the non‐linear relationship among the main variables of the reservoir under consideration. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, we simulate the control system using different probable overflow hydrographs. The results of the proposed control method are compared with the results of the conventional control methods. The results obtained from the simulations indicate that the proposed method exhibits superior performance over the conventional reservoir flood operation, with much more flexible results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of the depth of the ground water table on free field road traffic-induced vibrations

This paper describes the influence of seasonal variations of the ground water table on free field traffic-induced vibrations. The passage of a truck on two types of road unevenness is considered: a joint in a road pavement consisting of concrete plates and a speed bump with a sinusoidal profile. Free field vibrations are computed with a two-step solution procedure, where the computation of the vehicle axle loads is decoupled from the solution of the road–soil interaction problem. The impedance of the soil is calculated using a boundary element method, based on the Green's functions for a dry layer on top of a saturated half-space. It is demonstrated that, in the low-frequency range of interest, wave propagation in the saturated half-space can be modelled with an equivalent single phase medium as an alternative to Biot's poroelastic theory for saturated porous media. The relation between the free field velocity and the depth of the ground water table is dominated by three phenomena: (1) the compressibility of the soil decreases due to the presence of the pore water, (2) the ground water table introduces a layering of the soil which may cause resonance of the dry layer and (3) refracted P-waves in the dry layer interfere with surface waves. If the depth of the ground water table is large with respect to the wavelength of the vibrations in the soil, the response tends to the response of a dry half-space. The average free field velocity is equal to the velocity in the absence of ground water. If the depth of the ground water table is small with respect to the wavelength of the vibrations in the soil, the response tends to the response of a saturated half-space and resonance of the dry layer does not occur. The average free field velocity is smaller than the velocity in the absence of ground water. The interference of refracted P-waves and surface waves causes an additional oscillation of the response as a function of the excitation frequency and the distance between the road and the receiver. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于网眼密度的道路选取方法

道路数据中的网眼密度能反映局部区域的道路密集程度,通过确定目标尺度要求的密度阈值,比例尺缩小后能够标识出数据中需要取舍路段的网眼;循环剥离密度最大的网眼,利用反映路段重要性的参数及其优先级,渐进筛选出舍弃的路段,并完成与邻接网眼的合并;得到的选取结果保持了道路网在密度、拓扑、几何及语义方面的重要特征,从而提出一种新的道路选取方法。最后进行实验,验证该方法的有效性。     

Efficient Bayesian networks for slope safety evaluation with large quantity monitoring information

New sensing and wireless technologies generate massive data. This paper proposes an efficient Bayesian network to evaluate the slope safety using large-quantity field monitoring information with underlying physical mechanisms. A Bayesian network for a slope involving correlated material properties and dozens of observational points is constructed.     

An improved probabilistic relaxation method for matching multi-scale road networks

Matching multi-scale road networks in the same area is the first step in merging two road networks or updating one based upon the other. The quality of the merge or update depends greatly on the matching accuracy of the two road networks. We propose an improved probabilistic relaxation method, considering both local and global optimizations for matching multi-scale of road networks. The aim is to achieve local optimization, as well as to address the identification of the M:N matching pattern by means of inserting virtual nodes to achieve global optimization effects. Then, by adding two attribute-related evaluation indicators, we developed four evaluation indicators to evaluate the matching accuracy, considering both geographic and attribute information. This paper also provides instructions on how to identify the proper buffer threshold during matching procedures. Extensive experiments were conducted to compare the proposed method with the traditional approach. The results indicate that: (1) the overall matching accuracy of each evaluation indicator exceeds 90%; (2) the overall matching accuracy increases by 6–12% after an M:N matching pattern is added, and by 4–6% following the addition of topology indicators; and (3) the proper buffer threshold is about twice the average value of the closest distance from all nodes.     

基于多粒度的交通时空数据组织方法

在分析道路交通数据时空特征的基础上,引入多粒度时空数据模型,对道路交通实体对象进行面向对象的抽象,进而对交通网络数据进行组织,设计了交通实体时空信息的整体构架,实现对道路交通时空数据的多粒度组织与管理。     

基于三维GIS的城市规划辅助决策技术研究

三维GIS由于其直观逼真,表达能力强等特点,可有效辅助城市规划。本文研究了三维GIS应用于城市土地利用规划、城区建筑规划、道路规划等方面辅助决策的相关技术。基于相关技术研究成果,利用数字城市地理空间框架建设的数据成果,设计并实现了三维城市规划辅助决策支持系统,为城市规划工作提供辅助决策支持。     

Grounding mobile policies: Ad hoc networks and the creative city in Bandung,Indonesia

This paper explores the ad hoc networks that form to move policies to new sites by examining the process through which the city of Bandung, Indonesia adopted a creative city policy. As revealed through the Bandung case, attention to the formation of these networks highlights the way that power operates within them, privileging certain ideas and structuring the ways in which information flows through their channels. This insight suggests that the concept of policy mobilities would be enriched by a closer attention to the way power is used to construct networks that promote specific policies and places as sites of ‘best practice’. Furthermore, this paper extends the concept of policy mobilities to a city ‘off the map’. In contrast to most existing policy mobilities research that tends to focus on the stable, large‐scale networks through which policies travel and on the high‐profile cities constructed as policy models, the case of Bandung provides a study of how policy mobilities may occur differently outside of its well‐established locations.     

从清代新疆屯垦政策角度谈屯田与生态环境的关系——以天山北路东部屯垦为中心

近年来,清代新疆屯田与生态环境的关系已成为研究热点。但多数只是从经济史或社会史的角度,作为研究的出发点,只注重了屯田对环境所造成的负面影响,对其正面影响多无涉及,得出屯田是造成土地沙漠化扩大的主要因素。事实上,这样的结论并不符合历史事实。为此,选取清代天山北路东部屯垦作为研究对象,运用历史农业地理的理论与方法,在小尺度的范围内,探求屯垦政策下所进行的农业开发与生态环境变化之间的互动性,以求对二者之间关系有个正确的定位。其主旨不是就清代屯田对生态环境影响进行的重新研究,而是从屯垦政策的角度,通过对清代移民人口、屯田规模、农业技术选择、土地权属及在屯田过程中所形成相关人文要素进行探讨,并由此所引起的屯田与生态环境的关系进行分析。结果表明屯田对生态环境影响主要表现在其积极的方面上,即戈壁变为绿洲,而不是所说的屯田引起沙漠化扩大,也就是说,其负面影响并不突出。这样就为我们能够正确认识清代新疆地区环境变迁提供了理论及事实上的支持。从而得出,自然本身、战争等其它要素,应该是环境变迁的主要因素。