一种QoS保证的容错拓扑控制算法

提出了一种QoS保证的容错拓扑控制算法,该算法能够构建干扰最小的K连通拓扑结构,并使任意节点间的最短(最小跳数)路径的干扰最小。仿真结果表明,在保持相同强度抗毁能力的同时,新的算法降低了网络中的干扰,更好地改善了网络的传输性能。     

不规则三角网的几种数据结构及其存储机制研究

在比较分析了TIN的几种常见数据结构的基础上,针对TIN拓扑查询与搜索问题,提出了另外几种强调边拓扑信息的TIN数据结构,根据拓扑关系的表达方式可以将它们分为内存索引式结构、数组索引式结构及二者的混合结构,并给出了这些数据结构的多种序列化存储方式:数组索引直接存储、对象ID存储法、PythoncPickle存储、对象内存地址的存储法。研究比较发现数组索引直接存储的数据占用空间最少,对象ID存储法和对象内存地址存储法的二进制方式占用空间相同,Python cPickle只适合于极小规模的TIN数据的存储。对基于不同数据结构的TIN模型构网效率测试表明,不包含边信息的结构的构网效率最高,含有边信息的结构中采用数组索引表示拓扑关系的构网效率最高。研究结果将对TIN模型的软件实现具有理论及应用价值。     

基于文本的地理空间数据挖掘与可视化

W eb文本挖掘在现今各行业中越来越受欢迎,而基于文本的地理空间数据的挖掘与可视化还是一个较新颖的研究领域。本文在综述文本数据挖掘研究现状的基础上,提出了基于传统文本的地理空间数据挖掘应用模型,利用Arcview作为构建模型的基础平台,实现了基于文本的地理信息的可视化和历史景点相关属性信息的查询。试验模型系统具有历史地物景点的分类、统计与显示查询等功能,并可以与现代景点进行对比分析。论文最后对此模型的不足作出分析,进而提出改进建议。     

基于神经网络的钢筋混凝土异型节点抗裂能力预测

利用神经网络方法研究了低周反复荷载作用下钢筋混凝土异型节点抗裂承载力与各主要影响因素之间复杂的非线性关系,建立了承载力的BP神经网络预测模型,预测结果与试验结果吻合较好。分析结果表明神经网络计算是钢筋混凝土构件力学性能研究中的一种很有潜力的新方法。     

新疆库尔勒市道路积尘重金属污染及健康风险评价

为探究绿洲城市道路积尘重金属污染风险,在新疆库尔勒市采集54个代表性道路积尘样品,分析其中Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr和Cu等6种元素含量,基于GIS技术与地学统计法,采用污染负荷指数法和US EPA健康风险评价模型,对道路积尘中重金属污染及潜在健康风险进行评价。结果表明：库尔勒市道路积尘中Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cu等元素含量的平均值均小于土壤环境质量—建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（GB 36600—2018）中的筛选值,但Cr元素含量平均值为相应筛选值的9.90倍。污染评价结果表明,研究区道路积尘中Cr呈现重度污染,Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cu呈无污染。道路积尘中重金属元素的污染负荷指数介于0.0142~0.0522,平均值为0.0266,处于无污染水平。从道路积尘重金属污染空间分布格局来看,库尔勒市东北部和北部区域出现污染高值区。健康风险评估结果表明,经手-口摄入途径是库尔勒市道路积尘重金属日均暴露量及健康风险的主要途径,儿童受到的健康风险高于成人。库尔勒市道路积尘中Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr与Cu等元素的非致癌风险及致癌风险处于安全范围内,As对非致癌风险的贡献最大,Cr对致癌风险的贡献最大。     

Application of open tools and datasets to probabilistic modeling of road traffic disruptions due to earthquake damage

The disruption of a transportation network can have a high social and economic impact on the welfare of a society, as it can significantly affect the daily routines of a community. Although many studies have focused on the estimation of physical risk in the components that compose these networks, only a limited number have analyzed their interconnections and impact in the traffic flow. The present study analyzes how earthquake damage can disrupt the road network in an urban environment, and how this will influence the ability of the population to travel. Traffic due to daily commutes is modeled for different layouts of the network, corresponding to possible disruptions caused by earthquake damage. The duration and length of each trip were calculated both for the undamaged network conditions and for the disrupted network. The increase in the median duration and length of each trip allows estimating the economic loss for each event due to drivers' delay. By combining the probability of a specific road being blocked with its number of users, the average number of affected vehicles was estimated, and the most critical segments identified. The methodology was applied to a case study concerning the road network of the area around the Italian city of Messina in Sicily. The results were calculated for both a repetition of the well-known historical event of 1908 and a set of simulated earthquakes consistent with the national probabilistic seismic hazard model of Italy.     

Assessing the relative contributions of the flood tide and the ebb tide to tidal channel network dynamics

Flood and ebb currents provide different contributions to the initiation and evolution of tidal channel networks, generating diverse network structures and channel cross-sections. In order to separate the effects of these contributions, a physical model of a sloping tidal-flat basin was set up in the laboratory. Depending on the degree of tidal asymmetry imposed offshore, either flood or ebb currents can be enhanced. The experimental results show that the ebb current has a higher capability to initiate and shape tidal networks than the flood current. Headward erosion is mainly induced by the ebb flow. The slightly inclined flat surface tends to reduce the energy of the flood current and to enhance the ebb current, thus prolonging the duration of morphodynamic activity as well as sediment motion. Overall, flood-dominated tides favour the formation of small-scale channel branches in the upper basin zone, while long lasting ebb-dominated tides result in more complex, wider and deeper tidal networks. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的剪切波分裂质量检测

剪切波分裂是分析地震各向异性的一种重要手段,常规方法是利用网格搜索获取分裂参数,再通过不同方法的测量结果对比测量结果进行质量检测,这一过程会耗费大量计算时间。本文针对这一问题提出了一种利用深度卷积神经网络对剪切波分裂进行质量检测的新方法,对使用了Resnet残差结构的深度神经网络进行训练,直接对二分量剪切波波形数据的质量进行分类。整个过程为:神经网络通过卷积层提取波形特征,计算损失函数后反向传播训练模型参数,完成迭代训练后的模型对输入波形数据正向计算自动输出类型。本文利用川西台站接收到的实际数据以及随机生成的合成数据分别对该网络进行训练,均可以获得准确的分类结果。相比于通过多种剪切波分裂方法对比测量结果的质量检测方法,基于神经网络的方法可以省略网格搜索的计算过程直接判断质量类型,在运算速度上的优势明显,并可继续通过训练提高模型的精度,为提升剪切波分裂方法在数据处理过程中的操作效率提供帮助。     

穿越走滑断层海底管道局部屈曲研究及应变响应预测

海洋地震频繁且海底土体环境复杂,当地震导致断层土体发生永久变形后,穿越断层的海底埋地管道也将受迫发生变形。为确定变形后的管道能否正常工作,需根据实际工况对其进行应变响应预测。首先通过有限元计算软件ABAQUS建立管道与走滑断层的三维实体模型,模拟管-土间的接触作用并通过等效边界方法修正模型,得到管道局部屈曲破坏形式及应变分布情况。然后,通过调整有限元模型参数对断层交角、管道工作内压、管道径厚比对管道极限塑性应变的影响进行敏感性分析,定性分析不同敏感性因素对穿越走滑断层海底管道应变响应的影响。最后,在数值模拟数据的基础上通过MATLAB软件利用基于遗传算法优化的BP神经网络实现对管道应变响应的精确预测。结果表明:穿越走滑断层管道在发生局部屈曲时,可根据轴向压缩应变突变现象确定管道局部屈曲时对应的断层位移,并且断层交角、管道工作内压和管道径厚比都会对跨断层管道应变响应产生影响。     

Modelling road surface sediment production using a vector geographic information system

Field investigations indicate that unpaved roads are the largest sediment source on St John, US Virgin Islands. Cross-sectional measurements of eroded road surfaces were used to establish an empirical relationship to predict annual road surface erosion as a function of road gradient and contributing drainage area. A model (ROADMOD) for estimating and mapping average annual sediment production from a road network was developed by combining this empirical relationship with a series of network algorithms to analyse road data stored in a vector geographic information system. ROADMOD was used to estimate road surface erosion in two St John catchments with very different road densities but similar land cover, topography and soils. Unpaved roads were found to increase sediment production in the more densely roaded catchment by a factor of three to eight, and in the less-roaded catchment by a factor of 1·3–2·0. Turbidity measurements in the receiving bays of these two catchments are consistent with model predictions and observed sediment delivery processes. Although this model was developed specifically for St John, it can easily be adapted to other locations by substituting a locally derived predictive equation for road erosion. Model assumptions, limitations and potential improvements are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.