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Field investigations indicate that unpaved roads are the largest sediment source on St John, US Virgin Islands. Cross-sectional measurements of eroded road surfaces were used to establish an empirical relationship to predict annual road surface erosion as a function of road gradient and contributing drainage area. A model (ROADMOD) for estimating and mapping average annual sediment production from a road network was developed by combining this empirical relationship with a series of network algorithms to analyse road data stored in a vector geographic information system. ROADMOD was used to estimate road surface erosion in two St John catchments with very different road densities but similar land cover, topography and soils. Unpaved roads were found to increase sediment production in the more densely roaded catchment by a factor of three to eight, and in the less-roaded catchment by a factor of 1·3–2·0. Turbidity measurements in the receiving bays of these two catchments are consistent with model predictions and observed sediment delivery processes. Although this model was developed specifically for St John, it can easily be adapted to other locations by substituting a locally derived predictive equation for road erosion. Model assumptions, limitations and potential improvements are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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介绍了索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的常规检查和调整,维修程序,为技术人员在解决索佳全站仪常见故障和几种指标参数的校正提供参考. 相似文献
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Zhilin Li 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):855-880
Spatial data can be represented at different scales, and this leads to the issue of multi-scale spatial representation. Multi-scale spatial representation has been widely applied to online mapping products (e.g., Google Maps and Yahoo Maps). However, in most current products, multi-scale representation can only be achieved through a series of maps at fixed scales, resulting in a discontinuity (i.e., with jumps) in the transformation between scales and a mismatch between the available scales and users' desired scales. Therefore, it is very desirable to achieve smoothly continuous multi-scale spatial representations. This article describes an integrated approach to build a hierarchical structure of a road network for continuous multi-scale representation purposes, especially continuous selective omission of roads in a network. In this hierarchical structure, the linear and areal hierarchies are constructed, respectively, using two existing approaches for the linear and areal patterns in a road network. Continuous multi-scale representation of a road network can be achieved by searching in these hierarchies. This approach is validated by applying it to two study areas, and the results are evaluated by both quantitative analysis with two measures (i.e., similarity and average connectivity) and visual inspection. Experimental results show that this integrated approach performs better than existing approaches, especially in terms of preservation of connectivity and patterns of a road network. With this approach, efficient and continuous multi-scale selective omission of road networks becomes feasible. 相似文献
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金华市街道灰尘磁化率与交通因素的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对浙江省金华市街道灰尘磁化率测试,从主干道与非主干道磁化率的对比、十字路口与非十字路口磁化率的比较以及磁化率与路网密度相关分析三个方面,定量研究金华市街道灰尘磁化率及其与交通因素的关系。结果表明:灰尘样品磁化率(χlf)变幅为127.57×10-8~853.91×10-8 m3 · kg-1,平均值为322.55×10-8 m3 · kg-1,高于本地土壤磁化率;频率磁化率变幅为0.67%~3.99%,平均值为1.61%;磁化率与频率磁化率呈负相关关系;主干道灰尘的磁化率大于非主干道,十字路口灰尘磁化率大于非十字路口;灰尘磁化率和路网密度呈正相关,金华市街道灰尘磁化率可以指示交通污染的分布状况。 相似文献
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多源数据的匹配是数据集成与融合、数据更新等操作的关键,道路网作为城市数据体系的重要组成部分,在物流、交通导航与定位等方面起到巨大的作用。提出一种基于模拟退火技术的道路匹配方法,通过缓冲区分析确定解空间并得到初始值,以缓冲区重叠度作为评价指标确定目标函数,确定初始温度并随着温度的缓慢下降,对初值进行迭代,根据接受机制是否接受新解,直至达到系统稳定状态,得到最终解。实验表明,该方法提高了道路匹配的效率与准确度,对于偏移较大的情况也能很好的匹配。 相似文献
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