Modelling road surface sediment production using a vector geographic information system

Field investigations indicate that unpaved roads are the largest sediment source on St John, US Virgin Islands. Cross-sectional measurements of eroded road surfaces were used to establish an empirical relationship to predict annual road surface erosion as a function of road gradient and contributing drainage area. A model (ROADMOD) for estimating and mapping average annual sediment production from a road network was developed by combining this empirical relationship with a series of network algorithms to analyse road data stored in a vector geographic information system. ROADMOD was used to estimate road surface erosion in two St John catchments with very different road densities but similar land cover, topography and soils. Unpaved roads were found to increase sediment production in the more densely roaded catchment by a factor of three to eight, and in the less-roaded catchment by a factor of 1·3–2·0. Turbidity measurements in the receiving bays of these two catchments are consistent with model predictions and observed sediment delivery processes. Although this model was developed specifically for St John, it can easily be adapted to other locations by substituting a locally derived predictive equation for road erosion. Model assumptions, limitations and potential improvements are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的维修

介绍了索佳SET×130R系列全站仪的常规检查和调整,维修程序,为技术人员在解决索佳全站仪常见故障和几种指标参数的校正提供参考.     

Integration of linear and areal hierarchies for continuous multi-scale representation of road networks

Spatial data can be represented at different scales, and this leads to the issue of multi-scale spatial representation. Multi-scale spatial representation has been widely applied to online mapping products (e.g., Google Maps and Yahoo Maps). However, in most current products, multi-scale representation can only be achieved through a series of maps at fixed scales, resulting in a discontinuity (i.e., with jumps) in the transformation between scales and a mismatch between the available scales and users' desired scales. Therefore, it is very desirable to achieve smoothly continuous multi-scale spatial representations. This article describes an integrated approach to build a hierarchical structure of a road network for continuous multi-scale representation purposes, especially continuous selective omission of roads in a network. In this hierarchical structure, the linear and areal hierarchies are constructed, respectively, using two existing approaches for the linear and areal patterns in a road network. Continuous multi-scale representation of a road network can be achieved by searching in these hierarchies. This approach is validated by applying it to two study areas, and the results are evaluated by both quantitative analysis with two measures (i.e., similarity and average connectivity) and visual inspection. Experimental results show that this integrated approach performs better than existing approaches, especially in terms of preservation of connectivity and patterns of a road network. With this approach, efficient and continuous multi-scale selective omission of road networks becomes feasible.     

基于GIS的山地林道网优化配置系统

应用系统选择永安元沙国有林业采育场的部分林班为示范,建立森林资源空间数据库.以ARC/INFO为开发平台,以山地林道网理论为指导,应用G IS技术、DBMS技术与数学规划集成技术,使用AML语言进行二次开发设计山地林道网优化配置系统,实现计算机辅助林道网配置,提高决策的科学性。     

金华市街道灰尘磁化率与交通因素的关系

通过对浙江省金华市街道灰尘磁化率测试,从主干道与非主干道磁化率的对比、十字路口与非十字路口磁化率的比较以及磁化率与路网密度相关分析三个方面,定量研究金华市街道灰尘磁化率及其与交通因素的关系。结果表明：灰尘样品磁化率（χlf）变幅为127.57×10^-8~853.91×10^-8 m³ · kg^-1,平均值为322.55×10^-8 m³ · kg^-1,高于本地土壤磁化率;频率磁化率变幅为0.67%~3.99%,平均值为1.61%;磁化率与频率磁化率呈负相关关系;主干道灰尘的磁化率大于非主干道,十字路口灰尘磁化率大于非十字路口;灰尘磁化率和路网密度呈正相关,金华市街道灰尘磁化率可以指示交通污染的分布状况。     

道路工程GPS平面控制网建网方法

以往GPS建立的平面坐标系属法线系统,而选线设计均在垂线和水准面为基准的坐标系统下进行,其数据未做两化改正而直接用于施工放样。为了消除因GPS引入线路勘测而引发的法线系统坐标系与垂线系统坐标系之间的矛盾,本文采用逆向两化改正的方法,从理论上提出了直接用GPS建立垂线和水准面系统下平面坐标系的技术路线,并推导出逆向两化改正及其精度评定公式。     

基于车载激光点云的自适应阈值提取道路标记方法

以车载激光扫描数据为研究对象,联合移动测量车的行车轨迹信息,提出基于分段点云强度统计直方图的自适应阈值确定方法,并根据该阈值提取道路标记。首先,利用高程邻域比较思想,布料模拟滤波算法和区域生长法提取道路边界点云,确定道路范围;然后,按照道路点云与行车轨迹线的横断面距离分段,根据每段点云的强度统计直方图确定自适应分割阈值,根据该阈值提取道路标记;最后,采用动态格网密度法去噪,最终达到提取完整道路标记的目的。实验证明,该方法效率较高,能提取比较完整的道路标记。     

利用模拟退火算法的VGI道路数据匹配方法

多源数据的匹配是数据集成与融合、数据更新等操作的关键,道路网作为城市数据体系的重要组成部分,在物流、交通导航与定位等方面起到巨大的作用。提出一种基于模拟退火技术的道路匹配方法,通过缓冲区分析确定解空间并得到初始值,以缓冲区重叠度作为评价指标确定目标函数,确定初始温度并随着温度的缓慢下降,对初值进行迭代,根据接受机制是否接受新解,直至达到系统稳定状态,得到最终解。实验表明,该方法提高了道路匹配的效率与准确度,对于偏移较大的情况也能很好的匹配。     

从遥感影像提取道路特征的方法综述与展望

从遥感影像中提取道路特征已有许多研究,但仍存在许多问题有待解决。本文探讨了道路特征提取的基本思路,对道路特征提取的基本方法和现状进行了较全面的综述,介绍了具有代表性的特征提取方法,并对各个方法的特点进行了分析,最后对道路特征提取的研究前景进行了展望。     

基于文本的地理空间数据挖掘与可视化

W eb文本挖掘在现今各行业中越来越受欢迎,而基于文本的地理空间数据的挖掘与可视化还是一个较新颖的研究领域。本文在综述文本数据挖掘研究现状的基础上,提出了基于传统文本的地理空间数据挖掘应用模型,利用Arcview作为构建模型的基础平台,实现了基于文本的地理信息的可视化和历史景点相关属性信息的查询。试验模型系统具有历史地物景点的分类、统计与显示查询等功能,并可以与现代景点进行对比分析。论文最后对此模型的不足作出分析,进而提出改进建议。