透地雷达检测路面脱空与灌浆加固的应用效果

应用透地雷达高精度检测公路混凝土路面脱空发育程度等病害，并采用水泥化学灌浆补强加固，取得了良好的效果。     

High inside corners at ridge-transform intersections

A large topographic high commonly occurs near the intersection of a rifted spreading center and a transform fault. The high occurs at the inside of the 90° bend in the plate boundary, and is called the high inside corner, while the area across the spreading center, the outside corner, is often anomalously low. To better understand the origin of this topographic asymmetry, we examine topographic maps of 53 ridge-transform intersections. We conclude the following: (1) High inside corners occur at 41 out of 42 ridge-transform intersections at slow spreading ridges, and thus should be considered characteristic and persistent features of rifted slow spreading ridges. They are conspicuously absent at fast spreading ridges or at spreading centers that lack a rift valley. (2) High inside corners occur wherever an axial rift valley is present, and an approximate 1:1 correlation exists between the relief of the rift valley and the magnitude of the asymmetry. (3) Large high inside corners occur at both long and short transform offsets. (4) High inside corners at long offsets decay off-axis faster than predicted by the square root of age cooling model, precluding a thermalisostatic origin, but consistent with dynamic or flexural uplift models.These observations support the existing hypothesis that the asymmetry is due to the contrast in lithospheric coupling that occurs in the active transform versus the inactive fracture zone. Active faulting in the transform breaks the lithosphere along a high angle fault, permitting vertical movement of the inside corner block, whereas the inactive fracture zone forms a weld that couples the outside corner to the adjacent block, preventing it from rising. Large asymmetry at very short transform offsets appears to be caused by the added effect of a second uplift mechanism. Young lithosphere in the rift valley couples to the older plate, and when it leaves the rift valley it lifts the older plate with it. At very short offsets, this coupled uplift acts upon the high inside corner; at long offsets, it may upwarp the older plate or its expression may be muted.     

蓬莱田横栈道维修加固技术

结合蓬莱田横栈道维修加固工程实例,介绍了针对滨海环境下不同的工程构件采取的不同的处理措施以及施工效果。     

黄土路堑边坡开挖变形机理的离心模型试验研究

利用离心模型试验揭示了黄土路堑边坡在开挖过程中的变形破坏特征,结果表明:开挖前,坡体变形以自重应力作用下的竖向变形为主,开挖后,堑坡坡体中后部土体以垂直向下变形为主,前部土体变形以水平变形为主,而且坡体前部的变形远大于中后部的变形;同时结合变形特征,系统分析了黄土路堑边坡开挖过程中主滑段滑带土的强度变化规律,认为黄土路堑边坡开挖变形破坏的力学机制总体上应属于蠕滑-压致拉裂机制。     

车载GPS道路测量数据处理技术

车载GPS由于效率高、精度高、全天候作业、成本低等优点,在电子地图的道路信息采集与更新方面将逐渐取代传统的道路测量方法.根据所完成的道路修测系统,首先介绍了道路修测系统内业数据的编辑处理以及成图的主要内容,并针对利用车载GPS更新电子地图时,对道路修测系统中数据处理和添加入电子地图部分存在的一些问题及其解决办法进行了讨论,设计了相应的算法,最后利用某市某条道路上采集的部分RTK数据进行了验证.     

DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW-COST MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM: A SOUTH AMERICAN EXPERIENCE

This paper presents the prototype of a low-cost terrestrial mobile mapping system (MMS) composed of a van, two digital video cameras, two GPS receivers, a notebook computer, and a sound frame synchronisation system. The imaging sensors are mounted as a stereo video camera on top of the vehicle together with the GPS antennae. The GPS receivers and the notebook computer are configured to record data referred to the vehicle position at a planned time interval. This position is subsequently transferred to the road images. This set of equipment and methods provide the opportunity to merge distinct techniques to make topographic maps and also to build georeferenced road image databases. Both vector maps and raster image databases, when integrated appropriately, can give spatial researchers and engineers a new technique whose application may realise better planning and analysis related to the road environment. The experimental results proved that the MMS developed at the São Paulo State University is an effective approach to inspecting road pavements, to map road marks and traffic signs, electric power poles, telephone booths, drain pipes, and many other applications important to people's safety and welfare. A small number of road images have already been captured by the prototype as a consequence of its application in distinct projects. An efficient organisation of those images and the prompt access to them justify the need for building a georeferenced image database. By expanding it, both at the hardware and software levels, it is possible for engineers to analyse the entire road environment on their office computers.     

钻井废泥浆综合治理技术研究

油田钻井生产每天都要产生大量的废弃泥浆，钻井废泥浆长期累积造成地表植被的严重破坏，污染土壤和水源，危及人类的生存。在对钻井废泥浆的基本物理化学性质进行研究时发现将钻井废泥浆脱水固化处置后，加入粉煤灰等工业垃圾做骨料和添加剂，用于油田井场路建设的方法，可实现钻井废泥浆的“无毒、无害、低成本、可工业化再利用”，是一项工业污染源综合治理，保护环境的先进技术。     

公路路基填土沉降特性分析

综合运用土力学和土质学的基本原理，通过对拉林河至长春高速公路沿线五种比较典型的压实填土沉降特性的研究，对每种土样分别在不同密实度、分级荷载应力作用下进行压缩试验，掌握其沉降变形特性。研究表明，公路路基压实性主要受填土的颗粒级配、形状及最大干密度的影响，且压实不足是路堤沉降的主要原因。经工程实际观察表明试验数据的分析结果与实践相吻合。对压实填土在工程应用时的控制标准提出了建议。     

THE NINETEENTH‐CENTURY EVOLUTION OF LOCAL‐SCALE ROADS IN KENTUCKY'S BLUEGRASS

ABSTRACT. In the nineteenth century, local‐scale roads in central Kentucky were built subject to local knowledge and cultural tradition but within the context of legal authority and folk‐ or science‐based engineering precepts. This study demonstrates how legal and engineering standards‐though conceived as transcendent and objective‐were in fact contingent on the region's physical attributes as well as its cultural traditions and character. Thus local road alignment and construction have been influenced by and contingent on local knowledge, dialogue, and debate since frontier times.     

有限元模拟在路堑边坡稳定性分析中的应用

以沪蓉国道主干线湖北省高坪-吉心段某开挖深路堑为例，探讨有限元分析在边坡稳定性计算中应用的基本方法和基本步骤，并用剩余推力法的计算结果与之进行对比。比较结果表明，两种方法的计算结果都认为本路堑自然稳定性较好，按此次计算方案开挖后不存在失稳问题，但剩余推力法计算稳定系数略大于有限元分析计算结果。换而言之，用有限元分析计算结果更偏向于安全。