面向复杂城市场景的Sort-First并行绘制系统中负载平衡与性能分析

在高精度建模方法越来越丰富的背景下,三维城市场景往往具有较大的场景规模和较高的复杂性,因此,当单台计算机难以满足实时绘制的需求时,多采用更加适合超高分辨率大屏幕显示的Sort-First方式进行并行绘制。针对现有研究性能量化分析的缺乏,及自适应负载平衡方法的缺陷,本文通过Sort-First并行绘制系统的加速比模型,分析绘制节点数、显示分辨率、网络传输速度、任务划分等因素对系统性能的影响,以及将绘制时间和传输时间的和作为反馈,对现有负载平衡策略进行了改进。本文给出了系统达到最高加速比,即负载完全均衡理想情况下的一个量化的必要条件。最后,基于Sort-First的并行绘制实验验证上述分析。实验结果表明:本文的改进加强了各节点的负载平衡性,在一定程度上提高了性能。     

AutoCAD与ArcGIS数据转换研究与应用

结合珠海市空间数据自适应动态更新系统的建设实践,提出AutoCAD与ArcGIS空间数据转换技术路线。阐述了这一过程中数据标准建立、质量控制和数据转换等关键技术。在此基础上,编程实现AutoCAD与GIS空间数据的相互转换以及空间数据库中GIS数据与AutoCAD数据的直接转换。试验结果显示,AutoCAD空间数据在编码、规整、转换和质检等处理后,可生成符合标准的GIS数据。     

利用3D_DP和Quad_TIN的地形实时动态显示算法研究

将地貌综合的三维Douglas-Peucker方法引入到地形LOD中,通过构建Quad_TIN模型,提出了一种地形实时动态显示的新算法。该算法首先从全局重要性角度将不规则采样点分级;再利用孤立分割的方式建立四叉树空间索引,结合了规则格网的四叉树结构和不规则采样点的TIN结构在虚拟表达中的优势,并消除了节点间的依赖关系;然后,根据视距和模拟误差确定四叉树的绘制层次和插入采样点的顺序及数量;最后,通过添加拆分点消除节点间裂隙。实验表明,该算法在保证地形表达速度的同时提高了模拟精度,对其他模型的LOD表达也是一种借鉴。     

一种基于多尺度DoG滤波器的高动态范围的映射方法

提出了利用多尺度DoG滤波器模拟人眼视觉的边缘相阻机制,计算出人眼观察各像素的适应性亮度,并对图像各适应性亮度下的色度进行适应性调整;通过计算光感知细胞在各适应性亮度关系下的相对视觉感知信息,提出可保持视觉空间中各维颜色的相对视觉感知信息的映射算法,从而实现了基于多尺度DoG滤波器的高动态范围图像映射。该算法可以在保留高动态范围图像中场景的纹理细节和颜色的前提下,使高动态范围图像能真实地显示在动态范围较低的显示设备或纸张上。实验测试说明,该算法能够正确地再现高动态范围图像原有的场景信息。     

服务式2D、3D结合GIS的核心问题及其解决方案

3D GIS是GIS的发展方向,其研究尚处于基础理论阶段,目前,市场上还不存在成熟的真3D GIS.2D、3D结合是实现3D GIS的一条有效途径.服务式2D、3D结合GIS则是存服务式构架下实现2D GIS与三维可视化技术的无缝结合,即由GIS服务器提供传统的2D GIS服务,客户端提供用户界面及2D、3D数据融合渲...     

战场环境仿真中基于图像的实时阴影技术

阴影是战场环境仿真中增强真实感的重要手段.分析战场环境中阴影的特点,将其分为静态阴影和动态阴影,根据战场环境仿真对阴影效果实时性和真实感的要求,采用改进的快速光线跟踪算法和预烘焙方法生成光照图,分别实现静态阴影中的地形和地物阴影,采用光源空间透视阴影图技术,改善阴影边缘走样,实时渲染真实的动态阴影.实验结果表明,实现的阴影效果达到了较好的实时性和真实感.     

Cartography-Oriented Design of 3D Geospatial Information Visualization – Overview and Techniques

In economy, society and personal life map-based interactive geospatial visualization becomes a natural element of a growing number of applications and systems. The visualization of 3D geospatial information, however, raises the question how to represent the information in an effective way. Considerable research has been done in technology-driven directions in the fields of cartography and computer graphics (e.g., design principles, visualization techniques). Here, non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) represents a promising visualization category – situated between both fields – that offers a large number of degrees for the cartography-oriented visual design of complex 2D and 3D geospatial information for a given application context. Still today, however, specifications and techniques for mapping cartographic design principles to the state-of-the-art rendering pipeline of 3D computer graphics remain to be explored. This paper revisits cartographic design principles for 3D geospatial visualization and introduces an extended 3D semiotic model that complies with the general, interactive visualization pipeline. Based on this model, we propose NPR techniques to interactively synthesize cartographic renditions of basic feature types, such as terrain, water, and buildings. In particular, it includes a novel iconification concept to seamlessly interpolate between photorealistic and cartographic representations of 3D landmarks. Our work concludes with a discussion of open challenges in this field of research, including topics, such as user interaction and evaluation.     

Visual Abstraction and Stylisation of Maps

Abstract

We explore visual map abstraction for the generation of stylized renderings of 2D map data. We employ techniques that are centred around the concept of shape simplification and graph layout and that allow iterative abstraction of 2D maps. We use data from publicly available sources and show how we can iteratively generate aesthetic renditions of these maps. These renditions do not have the goal to allow for navigation tasks, but instead show the map data in a distorted manner. The techniques used to create these images apply simplification, abstraction/generalisation, and displacement operations to the map elements in varying orders and add stylistic shading to produce aesthetic renditions for print or electronic displays. The degree of abstraction/generalisation can be individually chosen and determines the characteristics of the distorted map: whether components retain their shape, degenerate, or are processed in a manner that the abstraction becomes the focus of the image rather than the underlying map data. The renditions can be further personalized by choosing shading and colours for this shading. Together, the presented techniques allow for playful and creative exploration of aesthetic renditions of 2D map data.     

外存大规模地形实时动态绘制算法

本文结合视点相关的层次细节技术、可见性剔除技术以及多线程技术等,提出一种基于外存中大规模地形实时动态绘制算法。在将原始DEM数据分割成多块标准化地形块的前提下,调度线程根据视景体顶点移动情况预测后续绘制所需地形并将其从外存预先加载到内存;绘制线程主要借助动态四叉树结构、标识矩阵、裁剪视景体来实现地形的多分辨率网格模型快速生成。实验表明,算法能够在普通PC机上实现大规模地形的实时绘制和漫游。     

三维地形场景并行渲染技术进展

对三维地形场景并行渲染过程涉及的地形数据分页及分块和基于缓存的并行数据调度机制进行了归纳,总结了三维地形场景并行渲染相关算法及基于分布式和微机多线程的实现方式,并对目前并行渲染所存在的问题和发展趋势进行了分析。