基于高分辨率遥感影像数据的FNEA分割算法研究与应用分析

近年来,随着遥感技术和信息技术的发展,遥感影像空间分辨率也大大提高。基于像素的传统影像处理方式已经不能满足现实需求,面向对象的遥感影像分析已成趋势。因此,图像分割技术是进行其他图像处理与分析之前的关键步骤,分形网络演化多尺度分割算法（FNEA）是面向对象分析的核心。本文详细阐述了基于FNEA的多尺度分割算法的思想和流程,并结合遥感影像进行了分割实验与参数分析,对高分辨率遥感影像的研究与应用有一定指导意义。     

The Legacy of Jedidiah Morse in Early American Geography Education: Forgotten and/or Forgettable Geographer?

Despite numerous and significant writings by historians of geography and biographers from other disciplines, and his authorship of the first geography textbooks written in and for the new American republic, most geographers are largely unaware of the contributions of Jedidiah Morse in academic geography. Writings about Morse suggest that he had alienated himself from many of his contemporaries early in his career through his authoritarian brand of Calvinistic republicanism, a perceived contradiction of that style with his entrepreneurial ambitions, his role in the controversial Bavarian Illuminati, and a dispute with a noted New England historian. But subsequent, broader intellectual movements sealed Morse's fate as a forgotten geographer (to most), including the end of the Second Great Awakening, Transcendentalism, Darwinism, and the “new,” process‐based geographical thinking inspired by Carl Ritter, Alexander von Humboldt, and Arnold Guyot. Regardless of the reasons for Morse's lost legacy, his contributions to geographical education are important and should be remembered.     

遥感技术在植物物候研究中的应用综述

通过遥感技术研究植物物候现象的机理分析,认为植被指数可反映植被各物候期的特征。国内外在探测植物生长季始末日期、花期变化、净第一性生产力变化、全球碳收支等方面的研究促进了植物物候的发展;同样物候研究也可提高遥感影像植物分类和作物估产的精度,同时可促进高光谱遥感的发展。通过我国物候研究从传统的农林业应用转向注重遥感探测、生态学应用的现状分析,展望了我国物候发展方向：关注植物生长季始末时间的时空分布规律;遥感监测植物季相变化;遥感监测植物花期;注重探讨植物生理和生态特征;植物高光谱遥感物候研究;重视物候科普普及工作。     

Separate Analysis of Remote Sensing Information of Structures of Different Geological Periods and Quantitative Study of Corresponding Tectonic Stress Fields

The structural feature shown on a remote sensing image is a synthetic result ofcombination of the deformations produced during the entire geological history of an area.Therefore, the respective tectonic stress field of each of the different stages in the complexdeformation of an area can be reconstructed in three steps: (1) geological structures formed atdifferent times are distinguished in remote sensing image interpretation; (2) structuraldeformation fields at different stages are determined by analyzing relationships betweenmicrostructures (joints and fractures) and the related structures (folds and faults); and (3)tectonic stress fields at different stages are respectively recovered through a study of the featuresof structural deformation fields in different periods. Circular structures and related circlular and radial joints are correlated in space to con-cealed structural rises. The authors propose a new method for establishing a natural model ofthe concealed structural rises and calculating the tectonic stress field by using quantitative dataof the remote sensing information of circular structures and related linear structures.     

黄岩岛环礁地貌近40年变化的遥感分析

重建珊瑚礁的地貌变化历史将有助于理解珊瑚礁对气候变化的响应规律。因此,本文选择以南海中部相对孤立、低潮时部分露出的黄岩岛环礁（15°09'N,117°45'E）为对象,基于1977年至2019年间的Landsat和Sentinel-2共22景遥感影像来探讨南海珊瑚礁地貌的变化历史与规律。首先结合实测水深数据探讨遥感影像灰度的变化与珊瑚礁地貌带分界线位置的对应关系;然后通过基于梯度矢量流的主动轮廓线模型（GVF-Snake）和手动边缘提取相结合的方式,提取出黄岩岛环礁主要的地貌带分界线;进而利用数字化海岸线分析系统（DSAS）定量分析这些地貌带分界线位置的变化,并利用线性拟合来探讨这些地貌面积的变化趋势。结果表明：1）黄岩岛外海与礁前斜坡分界线、礁前斜坡与礁坪分界线、潟湖坡与潟湖底分界线均具有向外海移动的趋势,它们的平均移动速率分别是0.36 m/a、0.06 m/a和0.23 m/a,而礁坪与潟湖坡分界线则具有向潟湖移动趋势,平均移动速率为0.16 m/a;2）潟湖底的面积和礁体总面积都呈现增加的趋势,潟湖坡的面积有减少趋势,礁坪的面积则在1977年至1997年间以114523 m²/a的速率增加,其后在1997年至2019年间则以11289 m²/a的速率减少。进一步分析认为,近40年来,黄岩岛珊瑚礁生态系统退化致使其造礁能力的减弱,加之海平面上升、风暴潮侵蚀、海水溶解等因素的综合影响,导致黄岩岛珊瑚礁面积减少。

     

GIS与历史地理学

本文初步分析了传统历史地理学存在的缺陷,GIS的快速发展为历史地理学提供了机遇;阐述了GIS在历史地理学中应用取得的成效、存在的问题和发展趋势,并就GIS与历史地理学如何更好的结合提出了几点对策。     

地图学与地理信息系统专业点的分布与研究方向

地图学与地理信息系统专业是地理学的二级学科,但其影响已远远超出了地理学的泛地学范围。全国所设学科点以北京、吉林、江苏和湖北最为集中,其大多数安置在地理学或地学等理学院系,目前仅海南、西藏、宁夏、青海 4省区没有设学科点。2005年全国有114所院校招收地图学与地理信息系统专业本科生,其中有师范院校31所、综合院校27所、理工科院校25所、农科院校8所、地质矿业和石油院校6所、林业院校5所、交通院校3所、建筑院校3所、邮电院校2所、信息工程院校2所、水利水电院校1所、经济学院1所;16所院校招收地图学与地理信息系统专业博士生,其中有综合大学6所、师范大学5所、海洋大学1所、中科院研究所4所;2004年全国有54所院校招收地图学与地理信息系统专业硕士生,其中有师范院校18所、综合院校16所、理工科院校3所、农科院校3 所、地质和矿业院校3所、林业院校1所、信息工程院校1所、海洋院校1所、中国科学院8个研究所。硕士专业共有281个研究方向,其中26个方向是地图学方向;博士专业共有126个研究方向,只有1个方向的核心词是地图, 1个方向含有经济一词、1个方向含有旅游一词,绝大多数方向都集中在理工科领域。     

中国“数字黄土地貌”分类体系探讨

黄土地貌属中国典型地貌之一,其分类体系是制图的基础。过去各种黄土地貌分类研究方案由于标准不统一,在实际应用中没有形成公认的地貌分类系统。本文将形态和成因有机地结合在一起,采用分层分级方法,借助于地理信息系统技术,分析并提出适用于遥感影像数据(LandsatTM和ETM)的1:100万黄土地貌分类体系,拟定出相应的编码体系,建立了典型地貌的遥感图谱。该研究为利用中高分辨率卫星遥感数据编制中国1:100万黄土地貌类型图奠定了坚实的基础,该分类方案可充分反映黄土地貌的特征,也能与全国数字地貌分类方案保持一致,同时该分层分级分类方案可满足地貌类型的扩充性。     

Regionalization for large area crop estimates by remote sensing

The crop estimates by remote sensing, developing quickly in recent decades, is a up-to-date technique. Regionalization for large area crop estimates by remote sensing, a special applied regionalization, is the foundation of crop estimates in a large area by remote sensing. According to the actual demands of wheat yield estimation by remote sensing and wheat agroclimatic demarcation of China, this paper first puts forward some principles upheld in this regionalization and analyses its main bases. Secondly, it works out the classificatory schemes about the optimum temporal for estimating wheat yield by remote sensing, information sources of space remote sensing and landuse structure in China. Finally, According to the regionalization indices, this study divides the wheat plantable region of China into 14 regions of crop yield estimates and 31 subregions of crop yield estimates.