多项式Radon变换

Radon变换是数据处理中广泛应用的一种方法技术.本文介绍了次数为“2”的多项式Radon变换.讨论了多项式正反Radon变换的公式、实现方法和有关计算参数的选择.通过理论模型试算，对多项式、线性、抛物线三种Radon变换进行了比较.对实际资料进行了多项式Radon变换处理，给出了消除地震反射记录中线性干扰的算例.     

焉耆盆地宝浪油田宝中区块波阻抗反演储层预测

笔者采用波阻抗反演技术，对新疆焉耆盆地宝浪油田宝中区块8个小的砂体厚度进行了横向预测。该方法的关键在于对测井资料的应用，也就是测井的约束条件，使得反演结果具有较高分辨率和可靠性。通过预测，认清了该区块砂体从上至下的分布规律，克服了“一孔之见”的缺陷，增强了预见性，减少了风险性，为编制开发方案奠定了基础。     

电偶源频率电磁测深二维层状模型参数化反演

本文在大地电磁测深松弛（ｒａｐｉｄ）反演理论方法的基础上，探讨了电偶源频率电磁测深（赤道装置）阻抗视电阻率的二维反演问题。由二维层状模型反演目标函数的近似简化出发。将全剖面的二维反演约化为沿剖面各测点的逐一测点一维反演，从而构制了一个简易可行的二维层状模型参数化反演方案。反演试验表明，这一反演方法是实用和有效的     

Atmospheric Hazards Preparedness in Bangladesh: A Study of Warning,Adjustments and Recovery from the April 1991 Cyclone

In probabilistic terms, Bangladesh is prone, to at least one major 'tropical cyclone' every year. This situation is primarily due to the geographical location of Bangladesh in tropical Asia, and to its concave coastline and shallow continental shelf. The devastating impact of such cyclones on humans stems from a combination of intense human occupation of the area, predominance of traditional sociocultural values and religion, the precarious socioeconomic conditions of the majority of the coastal inhabitants, and the lack of a coordinated institutional disaster planning and management strategy. Bangladesh has experienced several catastrophic environmental disasters during the last decade; among these events, the 1991 April cyclone was the most catastrophic in terms of both physical and human dimensions.An initial study was carried out in the coastal regions of Bangladesh less than two weeks after they were hit by the severe cyclone of 29 April 1991. This research examined the process through which warning of the impending disastrous cyclone was received by the local communities and disseminated throughout the coastal regions of Bangladesh. It was found that the identification of the threatening condition due to atmospheric disturbance, the monitoring of the hazard event, and the dissemination of the cyclone warning were each very successful. The present study followed up on the initial research by surveying 267 respondents with an elaborate survey instrument, focusing on the most crucial academic and planning issues identified in the 1991 study. In particular, the nature and characteristics of the cyclone preparedness of the coastal inhabitants were assessed by the study; other factors considered included rural-urban variations, mainland-island differences, the nature and role of previous knowledge, and the disaster experience.The survey results show the variety of indigenous adjustment mechanisms that help to rehabilitate the survivors; also visible are the profound roles played by the social inequality variables and the magnitude of physical vulnerability in influencing the disaster loss and recovery process. The study recommends that hazard mitigation policies should be integrated with national economic development plans and programs. Specifically, it is suggested that the cyclone warning system should incorporate the human response to warnings as its constituent part, and in this way accommodating human dimensions in its operational design.     

波形反演方法及其在新疆地区转换波测深中的应用

利用天然地震记录直达P波后续20s内的波形信息,研究了地壳、土地慢速度结构反演的方法、唯一性、精度及应注意的问题,并将求解有条件极值的惩罚数法和求解无条件极值的单纯形法引入到波形反演.数值计算证明,波形反演方法对记录的误差有压制作用,在深源、远震、各向同性水平层状近似合理的前提下,可用一个地震事件在射线平面内的二分量记录反演台站区地壳、上地幔P、S波速度结构.在新疆天山地区转换波流动台站观测中,选择出较好的记录进行波形反演,给出了该转换被测深剖面上6个台站下方的地壳、上地慢P、S波速度结构.通过塔里木盆地内一测点上波形反演和地震勘探结果的对比证明,波形反演方法具有满意的精度.     

Inversion of sonic waveforms with unknown source and receiver functions

A seismogram that is several times the length of the source-receiver wavelet is windowed into two parts—these may overlap—to obtain two seismograms with approximately the same source function but different Green's functions. A similarly windowed synthetic seismogram gives two corresponding synthetic seismograms. The spectral product of the window 1 data with the window 2 synthetic is equal to the spectral product of the window 1 synthetic with the window 2 data only if the correct earth model is used to compute the synthetic. This partition principle is applied to well-log sonic waveform data from Ocean Drilling Project hole 806B, a slow formation, and used there to estimate Poisson's ratio from a single seismogram whose transmitter and receiver functions are unknown. A multichannel extension of the algorithm gives even better results. The effective borehole radius R _b, was included in the inversion procedure, because of waveform sensitivity to R _b. Inversion results for R _b agreed with the sonic caliper, but not the mechanical caliper; thus if R _b is not included in the inversion its value should be taken from the sonic caliper.     

地质勘查中的数字图像处理技术

本文介绍用于地质勘查的数字图像处理技术。所处理的数据涉及遥感、地质、地球物理、地球化学和地理等学科的多源地学信息。针对地学信息的特殊性,研究和开发了各种数字图像处理方法,以增强和提取用于地质勘查的重要信息,辅助地质构造分析,并在矿产预测中取得初步效果,显示出数字图像处理技术在地质勘查中的应用潜力。     

马来盆地成藏规律研究及有利区预测

马来盆地烃源岩包括湖相页岩和河流三角洲相煤、页岩.湖相烃源岩为盆地主力烃源岩，K组页岩是盆地中生烃潜力最好的烃源岩.盆地中部源岩通常都是过成熟，边缘大多处于生油窗或未成熟.中-晚中新世马来盆地发生构造反转，反转主要集中在盆地的东南部和中部，构造反转与油气成藏关系密切.盆地中央的反转强度比侧翼大，东南方向反转强度增加.马来盆地大致划分为4个成藏组合带：基底成藏组合带、下部成藏组合带、中部成藏组合带和上部成藏组合带.晚渐新世-中中新世构造成藏组合带为马来盆地内最重要的一个成藏组合带，其石油储量占整个盆地的85%，天然气占48%.盆地烃源岩经历多期生烃和混合生烃的过程，在盆地南部烃源岩生烃受到抑制.油气运移以横向运移为主，垂向运移为辅.油气藏分布主要受烃源岩成熟度和盆地形态的控制，呈现东南部和中部为油藏、北部为气藏的分布格局.将马来盆地划分为6个大勘探区域，其中东南挤压背斜区是马来盆地主力油气产区，石油储量占整个马来盆地的69%，天然气储量占62%.提出9个潜在有利目标区，其中3个为潜在勘探有利区，6个为新兴勘探区.