地震预测的信度方法

概率论与数理统计一直是地震预测中处理不确定性的主要方法，但这一方法也有其局限性。为此我们引进了一种新的不确定性处理方法——证据理论的信度方法。此前，该方法在地震预测中的应用还未见报道。本文首先介绍了信任函数及其在地震预测中的应用方法，包括问题表达和信息综合两个方面，并提出了加权的D—S规则。然后简单讨论了联合信任函数的定义和计算公式，并通过与概率方法的比较，说明了这一方法在地震预测中的应用价值。研究结果表明，利用信度方法处理地震预测中的不确定性问题有其独特的优点。     

基于DEM的地层界线V字型法则实现

地质人员经常依照V字型法则连接地层出露界线,但因其随意性和局限性容易出现误差和错误.基于GIS的机助地质填图系统中,基于等高线求取界线由于等高线的不连续性有着明显的局限性.为此,在DEM形成的三维空间中通过求解DEM与空间平面交线的方法来获取地质界线,可以有效地提高精度.文章分析探讨了基于不规则三角形网的地层界线求取思路,并通过实际例子对V字型法则给以实现,结果证明该方法执行速度较快、精度高.     

Building Extraction from LIDAR Based Semantic Analysis

IntroductionThanks to a large number of applications ,suchas map updating, urban planning or land useanalysis ,extraction of artificial objects ,such asbuildings ,roads fromthei mages has been an ac-tive research field for many years . Since build-ings ar…     

Experimental evidence of a unique flow rule of non-cohesive soils under high-cyclic loading

The presented results of cyclic triaxial tests on sand demonstrate that the cumulative effects due to small cycles obey a kind of flow rule. It mainly depends on the average stress ratio about which the cycles are performed. This so-called “cyclic flow rule” is unique and can be well approximated by flow rules for monotonic loading. Amongst others it is shown that the cyclic flow rule is only moderately influenced by the average mean pressure, by the strain loop (span, shape, polarization), the void ratio, the loading frequency, the static preloading and the grain size distribution curve. A slight increase of the compactive portion of the flow rule with increasing residual strain (due to the previous cycles) was observed. These experimental findings prove that the cyclic flow rule is an essential and indispensable concept in explicit (N-type) accumulation models.     

西藏普兰县姜叶马豆荚状铬铁矿地质特征及找矿前景

姜叶马铬铁矿产于雅鲁藏布江超镁铁质岩带的西段拉昂错岩体之中,为富铬型豆荚状铬铁矿.本文主要讨论姜叶马豆荚状铬铁矿的地质特征及找矿前景.根据对拉昂错岩体岩相特征分析、姜叶马铬铁矿区已发现的豆荚状铬铁矿带和矿点的研究、以及与西藏罗布莎和东巧铬铁矿床的对比,总结了矿体分布和赋存规律,指出该地区具有形成大型豆荚状铬铁矿床的成矿地质条件,呈示出良好的找矿前景.     

Thermodynamics of Al/Al avoidance in the ordering of Al/Si tetrahedral framework structures

The main driving force behind Al/Si ordering in tetrahedral framework aluminosilicates is nearest-neighbour Al/Al avoidance. Computer simulation is used to explore the direct consequences of such Al/Al avoidance. The main result is that the order-disorder transition temperature T _c falls dramatically as the concentration x of Al in the structure is reduced, and if the only interactions are those associated with nearest-neighbour Al/Al avoidance, T _c becomes zero for x less than some critical value x _c , where x _c =0.31 for the feldspar framework and x _c =0.34 for cordierite. Also a large degree of short range order is found above T _c . Both results differ radically from the standard Bragg-Williams model. Plots of entropy and enthalpy of ordering are given as functions of x and T, which may be used to interpret experimental data or for extrapolation into ranges of x and T inaccessible to experiment. Received: 14 May 1997 / Revised, accepted: 2 June 1997     

蒸发岩矿床生物成矿研究综述

现代盐湖生物学的研究和蒸发岩中生物化石的研究都表明，生物在包括芒硝矿床在内的蒸发岩矿床形成中起着重要作用。传统地质学认为蒸发岩是纯化学沉积矿床的观点应予修正。蒸发岩生物成矿研究目前尚处于初级阶段，还需要引入新的研究方法，开展摸拟生物成矿实验，进行更深入的成矿机理方面的研究。     

基于专家知识的神经元网络方法及其在潜在震源区定量划分中的应用

将专家知识和神经元网络方法结合起来，利用专家知识和规则构造规则样本的方法来提高神经元网络学习样本的质量，通过神经元网络对规则样本的学习，形成基于专家知识的神经元网络模型。在潜在震源区划分专家系统中有关规则的基础上，将基于专家知识的神经元网络方法引入到潜在震源区定量划分中，并以首都圈地区为例，对其潜在震源区作了定量划分，结果表明，规则样本能较好的反映专家的知识和规则，利用构造规则样本的方法，可以提高     

铝硅酸盐矿物六元环Al避免原则的研究

利用量子化学半经验计算ＰＭ３方法，对硅酸盐矿物结构中重要的六元环体系的各种同分异构体进行了能量差值的计算研究。同实验结果相比，计算的能量差值△Ｅ具有较好的精度，本文用这些△Ｅ值具体讨论了六元环的各种形式中Ａｌ避免原则的正确性和多样性。     

傅科第一类回转仪运动的扰动级数分析

本文对只在陀螺力矩作用下傅科第一类回转仪的运动规律进行了扰动级数分析，推导了其运动周期公式，并与其线性解进行了比较，同时用动能法分析了该系统的稳定性．