资源三号卫星高分影像的城市建筑物阴影提取

针对城市高分影像中普遍存在的建筑物阴影严重影响了高分影像的处理和应用问题,该文通过对资源三号卫星(ZY-3)各波段的影像特征进行分析,分别采用基于直方图的阈值分割法、基于主成分变换和HIS变换集成法对阴影提取并对比分析,在此基础上提出了一种基于谱间关系的阴影提取模型。实验结果表明,该文提出的方法能够较好地区分ZY-3影像中的阴影和偏蓝色地物及水体,能够准确地提取城市高大地物阴影。     

北京市不同功能区不透水地表时空变化差异

目前有关北京市不透水地表的相关研究多数是从整体层面开展,忽略了其内部功能区的作用及差异。运用分类回归树（CART）及系列变化检测模型得到北京市1991年、2001年、2011年和2015年四期不透水地表分布,并运用标准差椭圆、洛伦兹曲线、贡献指数及景观格局理论对各功能区不透水地表的时空变化进行分析。结果显示：1991-2015年北京市不透水地表的总面积增加了约144.18%,分布的主导方向由早期的东北—西南趋向于当前的正北—正南。各功能区间不透水地表的空间分布异质性逐渐减弱,但贡献指数值存在很大差异：功能拓展区的贡献指数最高,其四年中的最低值（1.79）高于其他功能区四年最高值,是北京市不透水地表增长最主要的贡献区;功能核心区的蔓延度指数值最高,约为其他功能区的2倍,为不透水地表的优势聚集区;发展新区的贡献值由负值变为正值并成倍增长,成为北京市不透水地表增长的主要源区;生态涵养发展区的贡献指数始终为负,并逐年减小。不同类型不透水地表的景观指数和质心偏移均存在差异,高盖度不透水地表的形状指数和斑块密度值最小,分布最为集中,对生态环境影响较大,北京市在未来发展过程中应合理规划控制其空间格局及增长模式,尽量减缓其增长速度及团聚程度。     

Ionizing radiation-induced defects in smectite clays

 The interaction of γ-rays with smectites induces paramagnetic defects in the structure of these clay minerals. The EPR spectra of three different smectites detect the creation of structural defects and trapping of organic free radicals in the clay structure upon irradiation. The defects are assigned to positive holes or trapped electrons stabilised by existing local charge imbalances in the mineral lattice. The organic radicals are derived from organic compounds present as impurities in the crystal lattice of the clay minerals. In addition, γ-rays cause migration of small interlayer cations (such as Li⁺) into the layers, as clearly evidenced by EPR and FT-IR reflectance spectroscopies. Received: 20 April 2000 / Accepted: 2 December 2000     

An Improved Method for Calculating Paleoheat Flow from Vitrinite Reflectance Profiles

lNTRODUCTIONIt is wel1 established that the vitrinite reflectance (R<, ) de-pends on the temperature history that a basin has undergone.In general, Ro is a function of maximum paleotemperature andeffective heating time. Thus, the paleotemperature of sedi-ments and the value of vitrinite ref1ectance are controlled by theflow of heat Q(t) into the basin and by the thermal parametersof the sediments. Therefore, in principle, it is possible to cal-culate the thermal vitrinite reflectance of …     

云南省元谋干热河谷土壤水分的动态变化

用波谱分析法的研究结果表明,当地旱雨季土壤含水量差异较大:旱季土壤含水量<凋萎湿度,土壤水分严重亏缺。因受降水量的影响,土壤含水量呈周期为1a的波动变化。用谐波分析法还计算了各层次土壤含水量的谐波展开式,由此可预报土壤含水量变化趋势。     

在推求地球外部扰动重力场中数据的采用

地球外部点的重力矢量值是由已知的全球重力位模型和各种不同方块的平均重力异常数据推求得到的。过去对选择和使用这些数据的依据不够充分,这就造成了某些随意性。本文对扰动重力在各种高度上的谱信息特征进行了分析,讨论了在一定的精度指标下各类平均异常数据区的大小范围以便为今后的实际工作提供必要的依据。     

曲线拟合的Hamilton原理及在泥沙阻力系数研究中的应用

将力学中的Hamilton原理推广于曲线拟合,提出了一种曲线拟合的新方法——应用Hamilton原理作曲线拟合,并以泥沙阻力系数为例,具体说明了本原理的应用.     

Remote Sensing Study of Gold Biogeochemical Effects in the Western Guangdong-Hainan Region1—A Case Study of the Hetai Gold Deposit

Abstract The vegetation has been poisoned by gold in the western Guangdong-Hainan region. The gold content of the leaves there is as high as 10-1961 times the abundance, the chlorophyll content is 10%-30% lower than that of the vegetation in metamorphic terrains and 10%-20% higher than that in granite terrains, and the carotenoid content is 10%-44% lower than the background value. The water content of leaves is 10% to 20% lower than the background value. The cells of leaves are deformed and broken. The leaf surface shows colour spots and becomes yellow or dark green. The spectral reflectance of the leaf surface is 5%-30% higher than the background value; the spectral shape has shifted 5-15 nm to the short wavelength. The gray scales of eanopy on images of Landsat TM and airborne imaging scanner (AIS) are 10%-100% higher than the background values. On Landsat TM and AIS false colour images, plants poisoned by gold display a yellow color, which disinguishes them from background plants. According to the spectral and image features of gold biogeochemical effects, the author has constructed a gold information system and expert prediction system, and thus two gold target areas and two gold prospect areas have been identified rapidly, economically and accurately in the western Guangdong-Hainan region which is extensively covered by vegetation.     

山谷城市的近地层大气湍流谱特征

山谷城市地区的大气湍流结构研究至今报道很少.本文根据兰州市一次观测实验,对各风速分量谱、温度谱以及动量和感热通量的协谱进行了分析.结果表明,尽管仪器的安装高度较低(6.45m),湍谱特征仍与平坦均匀下垫面得到的一些典型结果基本一致,从而认为,在类似地区进行湍流通量等的直接观测时,对观测高度和地点的选择,可以不必象一些文献要求的那样高.     

Israel's petroleum discovery curve

Oil exploration in Israel began in 1953. Until 1991 a total of 263 exploration wells and 122 development wells were drilled, 3 oil fields and 5 gas fields were discovered, and 4 noncommercial oil discoveries and 1 noncommercial gas discovery were made. Proven in-place reserves amount to 70 million barrels of oil equivalent (MMBOE). Exploration focused on six main plays: Syrian Arc anticlines; Mesozoic platform-edge, structural-stratigraphic traps; the Dead Sea graben; Early Mesozoic structures; Saqiye Group biogenic gas; and Hula Group biogenic gas. The more significant discoveries are associated with the first two plays. Ninety percent of the proven reserves were discovered by the first 71 wildcats, which constitute 27 percent of all wildcats drilled to date. During this phase of exploration, the average success was 7 percent, and the average discovery rate was 0.88 MMBOE per wildcat. Most of the following 192 wildcats were dry holes. If, as experts claim, significant reserves are still undiscovered, previous exploration must be deemed inefficient. The quantitative model of the discovery process also leads to such an assessment.