Drag force on a circular cylinder in unseparated laminar high Reynolds number nonlinear random oscillatory flow

The stochastic properties of the drag force maxima on a circular cylinder subjected to nonlinear random waves are investigated. Unseparated laminar high Reynolds number flow is considered. A simplified approach based on second order Stokes waves is presented, including the sum-frequency effect only. It is demonstrated how a drag force formula valid for regular linear waves can be used to find the cumulative distribution function of individual drag force maxima for nonlinear irregular waves. Here the [Wang, 1968] drag force coefficient is used.     

Efficient generation of conditional simulations by chebyshev matrix polynomial approximations to the symmetric square root of the covariance matrix

Consider the problem of generating a realization y₁ of a Gaussian random field on a dense grid of points ₁ conditioned on field observations y₂ collected on a sparse grid of points ₂. An approach to this is to generate first an unconditional realization y over the grid =_{1 2}, and then to produce y₁ by conditioning y on the data y₂. As standard methods for generating y, such as the turning bands, spectral or Cholesky approaches can have various limitations, it has been proposed by M. W. Davis to generate realizations from a matrix polynomial approximations to the square root of the covariance matrix. In this paper we describe how to generate a direct approximation to the conditional realization y₁, on ₁ using a variant of Davis' approach based on approximation by Chebyshev polynomials. The resulting algorithm is simple to implement, numerically stable, and bounds on the approximation error are readily available. Furthermore we show that the conditional realization y₁ can be generated directly with a lower order polynomial than the unconditional realization y, and that further reductions can be achieved by exploiting a nugget effect if one is present. A pseudocode version of the algorithm is provided that can be implemented using the fast Fourier transform if the field is stationary and the grid ₁ is rectangular. Finally, numerical illustrations are given of the algorithm's performance in generating various 2-D realizations of conditional processes on large sampling grids.     

多种类植被覆盖地区ASTER影像岩石、土壤信息提取方法研究

植被的发育限制了遥感在地质学方面的应用,特别是在多种类植被发育地区不能直接地根据波谱特征进行岩石与矿物方面的填图.利用线性波谱分离等技术方法可以从植被、基岩或土壤混合信息中区分出多类别植被波谱,从像元混合光谱中减去各植被类型所占的像元光谱强度,从而可以求出土壤光谱强度及其所占的份额,有效剥离出岩石和土壤信息.在试验区利用多种类植被干扰消除方法,进行遥感蚀变矿物和岩石填图,具有极大的可靠性.该技术可以在中等植被发育地区的遥感填图中得以推广和应用.     

Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables

A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects.     

非均质随机分布对岩石热破裂影响的数值试验

采用随机固热耦合数学模型及有限元分析方法,仅将热膨胀系数和热传导系数作为随机变量,在正态和韦泊两种随机分布下,采用平面应变模型,对热应力引起的岩石热破裂的变化进行了详细研究,模拟了岩石热破裂的整个过程,揭示了概率分布形式、分布参数m对岩石热破裂的影响,讨论了岩石热破裂与时间t的关系,温度与参数m的关系,温度与时间的变化规律,并研究了热破裂率随时间和温度的变化规律。     

轻型动力触探法与静力触探法检测粗砂相对密实度的相关性研究

大量的模型试验和现场试验结果表明,轻型动力触探和静力触探都可用于公路桥涵台背回填中粗砂的密实度检测,而且锤击数N10和锥尖阻力Qc存在着良好的线性关系。为了从理论上揭示两者的相关性的根源,采用拉德模型模拟了两种方法的试验过程,三维有限元数值分析得知,两种触探方法在砂土中的应力、应变和位移场有较大的相似性,验证了轻型动力触探和静力触探在中粗砂中试验结果相关性的必然性。     

随机地震荷载作用下饱和粉土的液化特性

为了考虑随机地震荷载作用下饱和粉土的液化特性，研究了如何通过合理的地震响应分析确定饱和粉土层受到的随机地震荷载，进一步探讨了随机地震荷载作用下的动三轴试验技术，以及利用此种试验分析饱和粉土液化特性的方法。研究结果为形成判别饱和粉土层地震液化可能性的新方法提供了依据。     

直线特征约束的资源3号卫星影像自检校平差

针对控制点获取较困难地区卫星影像定位精度不高的情况,对直线特征作为控制信息提升卫星影像定位精度进行了研究。以"像方直线上任意一点必然位于物方直线和投影中心所构成的平面"作为几何约束条件,通过对直线的参数化表示,建立了基于直线特征的共面模型;在该模型基础上,针对航天传感器的成像特点,分析建立了8标定参数的内方位元素模型和简化的外方位元素模型,最终构建了直线特征约束的卫星影像自检校平差模型。利用资源3号(ZY-3)卫星获取的华盛顿地区数据对构建的平差模型进行实验验证。结果表明,该模型能够解决缺乏地面控制点地区影像定位精度差的问题,可达到与常规自检校平差相同量级的精度。     

一种新的基于Wold分解的纹理分析方法

针对纹理图像具有结构性和随机性的特点,提出一种新的统一的纹理描述方法。该方法基于Wold分解,在图像为均匀同质随机场的条件下,将纹理图像分解为结构性成份和随机性成份,用少量参数对纹理特征进行描述,为纹理图像的分割、检索、压缩提供了一个统一的纹理模型。     

盾构隧道壁后注浆效果的雷达探测研究

盾构隧道的纵向力学与变形性态研究,尤其是盾尾壁后注浆效果已经引起国内外学者的广泛关注,笔者首次利用探地雷达方法,对上海某盾构隧道盾尾壁后注浆分布进行探测,并进行了初步的分析,结果表明,利用该方法可有效地探测隧道壁后的注浆分布,为隧道纵向力学变形性态的控制提供一定依据。