山西省多普勒雷达非降水回波应用研究

本文研究了多普勒天气雷达速度图上非降水回波（不包括地物回波）的空间结构，并对太原雷达站业务运行以来多普勒天气雷达观测到的“非降水回波”的速度特征进行了深入、系统的分析。发现由大气湍流和云滴后向散射所致的非降水回波，虽然强度很弱，但其速度回波却代表了环境风的三维结构，对临近预报有5h～7h的提前量，为临近预报提供了一种新的有效手段。     

Development and behaviour of a radar-based operational tool for hailstorms identification

Hailstorms are a common meteorological phenomenon in Spain which causes substantial economic damage especially in spring and summer. During 2000 and 2001, a radar-based application for convective monitoring was developed at STAP (Forecasting and Analysis Techniques Department); in order to improve this nowcasting tool, it is needed to include an advanced procedure to estimate the presence of hail as a complementary module in the operational application. A preliminary study, carried out during 2001, showed that the Waldvogel technique, VIL (vertical integrated liquid) density and the hail detection algorithm (HDA) are the methodologies which proved more accurate in our latitudes.Throughout the spring and summer of 2001, all available information about hail events (time, place and hail size) and about storms without hail was used for tuning an experimental module to detect severe and non-severe hailstorms, taking into account the selected algorithms. During 2002, further information about storms was gathered in order to assess the behaviour of the developed hail module. Afterwards, a new module calibration was carried out with the information of the complete storms data set of 2001 and 2002. With this new calibration, the hail module became an operational tool during the spring and summer of 2003. Currently, the verification of the operational module using the data from the storms in 2003 is being elaborated. The aim of this work is to put forward the calibration procedure carried out, the verification results of 2002, and the performance of the hail estimate module in selected cases during 2003 in Spain.     

一次对流降水过程增雨催化时机的模拟分析和雷达识别

为加深对对流云增雨催化机制的理解,避免催化指标的随意性,通过三维积云数值模拟和雷达加密探测资料分析相结合的方法,对发生在湖北省西北部多山地区的一次对流降水过程进行了增雨催化时机的分析和识别.首先运用三维积云模式,通过催化模拟敏感试验,得出对流云增雨催化存在时间窗,最佳的催化时机应该为对流云发展的早期,催化后关键是增加雨和冰晶冻结后碰并霰增长这一冰相微物理过程的产量.根据模式分析结果,结合雷达观测资料分析,发现对流回波在生成及发展上表现出一些规律性,可以作为通过雷达观测识别增雨催化的时机和潜力区域的指标.     

卡尔曼滤波法在西峰雷达估测降水中的应用

应用卡尔曼滤波校准法,利用地面自动雨量计的降水量值,对庆阳市2007年7月和9月2次降水过程中的2个雨量较明显时段的雷达估测值进行了校准分析,并与雨量计测量的雨量值进行了误差比较分析。结果显示：混合降水过程的校准效果要优于均匀降水过程。校准后,混合降水过程的相对误差从166.4%下降到了7.6%,均匀降水过程的相对误差从284.3%下降到了56.9%。由此可以看出卡尔曼滤波校准法能有效消除雷达估测降水过程中的各种随机噪声,并能提高雷达定量估算区域降水量的精度,同时还较好地保留了雷达探测降水的精细结构。     

IMPROVEMENT OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TYPHOON RANANIM (0414) BY USING DOPPLER RADAR DATA

Typhoon Rananim (0414) has been simulated by using the non-hydrostatic Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) from Center of Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS). The prediction of Rananim has generally been improved with ARPS using the new generation CINRAD Doppler radar data. Numerical experiments with or without using the radar data have shown that model initial fields with the assimilated radar radial velocity data in ARPS can change the wind field at the middle and high levels of the troposphere; fine characteristics of the tropical cyclone (TC) are introduced into the initial wind, the x component of wind speed south of the TC is increased and so is the y component west of it. They lead to improved forecasting of TC tracks for the time after landfall. The field of water vapor mixing ratio, temperature, cloud water mixing ratio and rainwater mixing ratio have also been improved by using radar reflectivity data. The model’s initial response to the introduction of hydrometeors has been increased. It is shown that horizontal model resolution has a significant impact on intensity forecasts, by greatly improving the forecasting of TC rainfall, and heavy rainstorm of the TC specially, as well as its distribution and variation with time.     

五台山站历史气候资料的均一性分析

介绍了新一代天气雷达实时监测系统的结构模式和功能,通过TCP/IP通信协议的论述、天气雷达信息量和占用信道带宽的估算,证明基于宽带网络系统通信设计的可行性.同时详细分析了CINRAD/SA天气雷达实时监测信息的结构和存放特点,系统地描述天气雷达监测信息获取、传送和入库的方法,并重点介绍如何编制传输和入库软件,利用TCP/IP两种基本协议(TCP和UDP)以及ADO数据库编程技术,在现有的宽带网络基础上,对天气雷达运行状况实现远程实时监测.     

714CD多普勒天气雷达和711测雨雷达探测雹云的对比分析

利用７１４ＣＤ多普勒天气雷达和７１１天气雷达对１９９５年８月２６日一次较强单体雹云的对比观测资料,分析了南疆北部渭干河灌区单体雹云的结构及发展演变特点,比较并分析了两部雷达观测结果的异同及其产生原因。结果表明：７１４ＣＤ多普勒天气雷达与７１１雷达相比具有探测能力强、探测精度高的优势,而且在探测雹云的结构方面,与７１１雷达的探测结果基本一致,可以引用７１１雷达长期以来对雹云的研究结果。     

富宁两次大暴雨的对比研究

对比云南富宁2001年“8·25”与2004年“5·15”两次大暴雨过程前后的雨量分布、灾情、大气环流背景,以及反映大气水汽、热力、动力条件的部分物理量场,分析它们在两次过程中的异同点,讨论各类条件对暴雨落区的指示性情况,并对“5·15”过程的雷达回波资料作简单的定量分析。     

定西防雹增雨试验区对流云活动特征分析

用雷达气候学方法，对定西防雹增雨试验区５—９月对流云的地域、日际、强度和传播等特征进行统计分析，得出一些有意义的结论。