Dynamic recrystallization near the brittle-plastic transition in naturally and experimentally deformed quartz aggregates

The electron backscattering diffraction technique (EBSD) was used to analyze bulging recrystallization microstructures from naturally and experimentally deformed quartz aggregates, both of which are characterized by porphyroclasts with finely serrated grain boundaries and grain boundary bulges set in a matrix of very fine recrystallized grains. For the Tonale mylonites we investigated, a temperature range of 300–380 °C, 0.25 GPa confining pressure, a flow stress range of ~ 0.1–0.2 GPa, and a strain rate of ~ 10^− 13 s^− 1 were estimated. Experimental samples of Black Hills quartzite were analyzed, which had been deformed in axial compression at 700 °C, 1.2–1.5 GPa confining pressure, a flow stress of ~ 0.3–0.4 GPa, a strain rate of ~ 10^− 6 s^− 1, and to 44% to 73% axial shortening. Using orientation imaging we investigated the dynamic recrystallization microstructures and discuss which processes may contribute to their development. Our results suggest that several deformation processes are important for the dismantling of the porphyroclasts and the formation of recrystallized grains. Grain boundary bulges are not only formed by local grain boundary migration, but they also display a lattice misorientation indicative of subgrain rotation. Dynamic recrystallization affects especially the rims of host porphyroclasts with a hard orientation, i.e. with an orientation unsuitable for easy basal slip. In addition, Dauphiné twins within porphyroclasts are preferred sites for recrystallization. We interpret large misorientation angles in the experimental samples, which increase with increasing strain, as formed by the activity of fluid-assisted grain boundary sliding.     

地质雷达在隧道检测中的应用

隧道施工完成后用常规方法很难对衬砌质量做出系统评价，地质雷达利用超高频脉冲电磁波探测目标介质的介电常数，很容易掌握砼衬砌结构的厚度、衬砌周围回填及空隙情况，围岩断层裂隙构造情况等，为工程技术评价提供依据。文章以实例，介绍了利用地质雷达对隧道进行检测所使用的仪器、工作参数及地质雷达资料处理解释步骤，并通过对几幅典型雷达图像进行分析介绍了不同异常结构在雷达剖面上的反映。     

探地雷达在公路灌注碎石桩检测中的应用

介绍了应用探地雷达检测公路灌注碎石桩的基本方法,包括数据的采集、处理与解释,指出了探地雷达检测技术能够定性分析碎石桩的桩身完整性,并在公路工程实践中取得了良好的效果.     

天山地区SAR数据雪盖制图研究

在分析合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）成像机理及雪盖参数散射特性的基础上，利用航天飞机搭载的成像雷达（ＳＩＲ－Ｃ）获取的天山Ｃ波段、多极化ＳＡＲ数据，进行提取雪盖信息的实验。数据通过预处理、散射系数图像的计算、去噪、入射角改正等处理后，利用ＢＡＹＥＳ监督分类方法产生该地区的雪盖分类图。实验结果表明，利用多波段、多极化ＳＡＲ进行雪盖制图是可行的。     

利用探地雷达观测分析早春融雪前后沙丘表层土壤含水量的时空分布

积雪融水是古尔班通古特沙漠春季植物发育的重要水源, 快速获取早春沙丘的土壤水分变化具有十分重要的生态学意义. 2010年3、 4月分别使用探地雷达进行了多次测量实验, 结果显示: 1)融雪初期, 沙丘顶部土壤的自由水含量最大, 阳坡次之, 且融雪水在重力作用下沿坡面侧向缓慢流动, 在坡底汇集, 主导了融雪初期乃至整个春季沙丘表层土壤水分的分布格局; 2)融雪后期, 由于阴坡积雪和冻土消融相对滞后, 表层土壤含水量略高于阳坡, 而沙丘顶部由于融雪最早且融雪期间水分转移最多而表面最为干燥; 3)通过与时域反射仪的同步测量结果对比, 探地雷达的测量精度被有效控制在0.03范围内, 且探地雷达提供的连续数据更有利于从细节上把握土壤含水量的变化趋势, 为中小尺度土壤水分的动态研究提供了一种科学、 有效的技术手段.     

电子背散射衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱结合测量橄榄石的原位含水量

橄榄石的含水量对上地幔的物理化学性质具有重要影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱（简称FTIR） 是目前最常用的测量名 义上无水矿物含水量的方法。由于矿物中红外光谱的吸收系数是各向异性的,理论上应使用偏振光来测量橄榄石的含水 量,但是该方法需要把橄榄石颗粒分离出来进行定向,非常费时。前人大多使用非偏振光来测量薄片中多个橄榄石的含水 量,并使用Paterson （1982） 的校正方法计算样品中橄榄石的平均含水量。非偏振光的使用忽略了颗粒定向造成的影响,会 低估橄榄石的含水量。上地幔橄榄石常发育晶格优选定向,为快速准确地获得橄榄石的原位含水量,该文将电子背散射衍 射技术（EBSD） 与FTIR 相结合,提出测量薄片中橄榄石含水量的新方法。首先使用Bell 等（2003） 的红外偏振光实验结 果,通过橄榄石[100]、[010]和[001]方向的含水量吸收系数建立一个椭球体。然后使用EBSD 测量某一颗粒在薄片中的取 向,根据欧拉角计算该方向的含水量吸收系数Ws,再根据Beer-Lambert 公式获得该颗粒的含水量。对加拿大Slave 克拉通 Muskox 金伯利岩携带的石榴橄榄岩中橄榄石的含水量研究表明,该方法可用于测量显微尺度的橄榄石原位含水量分布,为 橄榄石含水量与组构关系的研究提供基础资料。     

基于GP RMax的隧道衬砌检测数值模拟及应用

利用基于时间域有限差分法( FDTD)的GPRMax,针对常用的400、900、1500 MHz三种不同中心频率的天线,数值模拟了隧道衬砌不同钢筋网密度、不同钢筋直径及其下方的钢拱架、空气界面等目标体的探地雷达反射及干扰信号图像特征;在混凝土试件上开展实验研究,并运用克希霍夫积分偏移处理了数值模拟和实验数据,压制了钢筋的绕射波和多次波,提高了钢筋网下方弱反射信号的成像效果;通过对比分析数值模拟、实验测量和工程实测结果,为探地雷达在隧道衬砌检测中取得更好的探测效果提供了借鉴。     

短时傅里叶变换在GPR数据解释中的应用

小波变换、经验模态分解、奇异值分解是提高探地雷达数据信噪比、突出深部异常的有效手段.笔者提出一种快速的短时傅里叶变换技术,对探地雷达噪声信号进行解译,利用雷达发射信号与噪声信号的频谱差异提高雷达数据的信噪比;并以数值算例进行验证,分别从单道波信号的频率能量差异,主频等值分布差异等方面详细分析了该方法与小波变换、经验模态分解方法的优势.结果表明,短时傅里叶分析技术能实现探地雷达数据的快速解译,为探地雷数据的反演成像提供更精确的约束条件.     

The interplay and effects of deformation and crystallized melt on the rheology of the lower continental crust,Fiordland, New Zealand

Microstructural, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and misorientation analyses of a migmatitic granulite-facies orthogneiss from the exhumed lower crust of a Cretaceous continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand show how deformation was accommodated during and after episodes of melt infiltration and high-grade metamorphism. Microstructures in garnet, omphacite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar suggest that an early stage of deformation was achieved by dislocation creep of omphacite and plagioclase, with subsequent deformation becoming partitioned into plagioclase. Continued deformation after melt infiltration resulted in strain localization in the leucosome of the migmatite, where a change of plagioclase deformation mechanism promoted the onset of grain boundary sliding, most likely accommodated by diffusion creep, in fine recrystallized plagioclase grains. Our results suggest three distinctive transitions in the rheology of the lower crust of this continental arc, where initial weakening was primarily achieved by deformation of both omphacite and plagioclase. Subsequent strain localization in plagioclase of the leucosome indicates that the zones of former melt are weaker than the restite, and that changes in deformation mechanisms within plagioclase, and an evolution of its strength, primarily control the rheology of the lower crust during and after episodes of melting and magma addition.