水资源约束下的河西走廊城市经济脆弱性时空演变及其影响因素

城市经济脆弱性作为当前脆弱性研究中的重要领域,为人-地系统耦合研究提供了新的视角,并为城市可持续健康发展提供有益的决策支持和管理方法。依据城市经济脆弱性内涵,基于暴露度、敏感性、适应能力构建了城市经济脆弱性评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法评价河西走廊地区及区域内五市的城市经济脆弱性,并采用障碍度模型识别影响区域城市经济脆弱性变化的因素。结果显示：（1）2006—2015年,河西走廊地区城市经济脆弱性呈现出先曲折下降（2006—2011年）再波动上升趋势（2012—2015年）;（2）河西走廊地区的城市经济脆弱性具有明显的空间特征,经历了东西高、中部低到整体较高的演变过程;（3）阻碍河西走廊地区城市经济脆弱性降低的障碍因子由适应能力逐步转变为暴露度。针对河西走廊地区各市主要障碍因子,提出针对性优化措施。     

Estimating Petroleum Resources Using Geo-Anchored Method--A Sensitivity Study

The Geo-anchored method, based on a moment-type estimator, has been developed for estimating parent population properties from a successive sample of discoveries. By substituting the expectation of the waiting time z _(n+1) of the (n + 1) ^th discovery to occurrence for an unknown parameter in the anchored method, the Geo-anchored method allows estimation of inclusion probabilities directly from observed data, thus eliminating the need for a priori selection of a value of N, R, or some other feature of the parent population. Because direct estimation of N and R requires an ordered sample, the Geo-anchored method is more sensitive to the data-generating process than the anchored method. This paper presents a sensitivity study on the Geo-anchored method. The test is based on simulated discovery sequences with different assumptions regarding discovery efficiency, exploration maturity, and the shape of the parent field size distribution. As a reference for comparison, estimates from the Horvitz–Thompson estimator also are presented.     

双侧向电阻率测井反演算法研究

双侧向测井仪因其激励源的复杂性给其测量数据的反演带来了极大的困难．本文利用变形玻恩（Born）迭代法对轴对称二维非均匀介质中双侧向测井仪的位场数据进行了严格反演．在每一次迭代过程中采用了高效数值模式匹配的正演计算方法,它可半解析地求出反演中所需计算的格林（Green）函数及其偏导数,同时利用所推导出的位场非线性积分方程中积分运算的半解析形式,大大提高了计算效率和反演质量．通过反演实例表明,反演结果与电导率原状剖面吻合较好,并且受噪声影响较小．     

川东南地区茅口组岩溶古地貌恢复及特征

东吴运动造成茅口组灰岩暴露地表并经历了表生风化作用。钻井揭示,气藏储层段与古岩溶所处的位置及强度密切相关,古地貌是控制古岩溶发育与分布的主要因素。针对钻井较少且分布不均、勘探程度不高的川东南地区,将钻井与地震紧密结合,分别运用残余厚度法与印模法对茅口组岩溶古地貌进行恢复,结果对比发现,这2种方法恢复出来的古地貌趋势基本一致。结合研究区的地质特征和实际资料,认为印模法可信度更高。在古水系特征分析的基础上,结合古地质图和钻井资料,把研究区划分为岩溶高地、岩溶斜坡和岩溶盆地,其中岩溶斜坡又可分为岩溶陡坡与岩溶缓坡。研究区西南岩溶高地与蜀南岩溶高地为同一岩溶高地,呈北西—南东向展布,且相对蜀南地区隆起幅度更高。在岩溶斜坡区,地下水以径流为主,溶蚀孔洞发育,是岩溶勘探开发的有利地区。     

Effect of non-linear soil deformation on the interaction among energy piles

This study investigates the effect of non-linear soil deformation on the displacement interaction among energy piles. The work is based on interaction factor analyses of full-scale pile group tests, whose results are compared with experimental evidence. The results presented highlight the tendency of interaction factor analyses that ignore non-linear soil deformation to overestimate the interaction and the displacement of energy pile groups. This outcome, in accordance with previous studies for conventional pile groups subjected to mechanical loads, may be considered in the analysis and design of energy pile groups subjected to thermal (and mechanical) loads through the interaction factor method.     

基于城市交通网络的广州“1小时交通圈”划分

“1 h交通圈”的确定对区域经济发展、城市远景规划,甚至居民的生产生活都有着重要影响。然而现有研究几乎都采用欧几里得距离（直线距离）方法定性地、粗略地表示“1 h交通圈”。为弥补这些不足,文章以广州为例,根据城市道路交通网络来划分广州“1 h交通圈”,定量并精确地分析该交通圈。结果表明：1）广州“1 h交通圏”覆盖了珠三角的9个主要城市,其中佛山受益最大;2）广州“1 h交通圈”的主要贡献对象是城际轨道交通和高速公路网;3）由于城市道路并非直线,广州“1 h交通圈”的范围集中在主城区的120 km缓冲区范围内;4）因为广州周边的交通网络发达,其“1 h交通圈”没有显现出很多的岛状区域。此外,广州“1 h交通圈”也对经济发展、政府服务、城市生活和基础设施建设有重要影响。     

岩石锚杆基础抗拔承载力计算方法探究

岩石锚杆基础作为架空输电线路塔基中的一种特殊基础型式,可以充分发挥原状岩体的力学性能,具有良好的抗拔性能。根据目前岩石锚杆基础原型试验的结果,《架空送电线路基础设计技术规定》中所推荐的单锚基础抗拔承载力计算模型中,理想45?破坏模式与实际不符,按其设计计算值偏差较大,可能导致设计成果不安全。为此,依据极限平衡原理基于围岩强度建立了较为合理的抗拔承载力计算模型,力学推导得出了相关公式,并进行了简化。通过推导公式计算值与实测值、设计值对比验证可知,抗拔承载力极限值位于 ～ 区间内,与推荐公式 的计算值一致性较好,能满足工程应用精度,具有可行性。     

河流静水滩区潜流带水交换空间分布模式研究（英文）

Hyporheic zone(HZ) influences hydraulic and biogeochemical processes in and alongside streams, therefore, investigating the controlling geographic factors is beneficial for understanding the hydrological processes in HZ. Slack water pool (SWP) is an essential micro-topographic structure that has an impact on surface water and groundwater interactions in the HZ during and after high flows. However, only a few studies investigate HZ surface water and groundwater exchange in the SWP. This study used the thermal method to estimate the HZ water exchange in the SWP in a segment of the Weihe River in China during the winter season. The findings show that on the flow-direction parallel to the stream, river recharge dominates the HZ water exchange, while on the opposing flow-direction bank groundwater discharge dominates the water exchange. The water exchange in the opposing flow-direction bank is about 1.6 times of that in the flow-direction bank. The HZ water exchange is not only controlled by flow velocity but also the location and shape of the SWP. Great water exchange amount corresponds to the shape with more deformation. The maximum water exchange within the SWP is close to the river bank where the edge is relatively high. This study provides some guidelines for water resources management during flooding events.     

搅拌桩复合地基平面模拟的简化方法探讨

水泥土搅拌桩(DMM)在高速公路工程中得到广泛应用,人们也希望能对该复合地基在路堤荷载下的地基的变形深入了解,其数值分析是一种重要的方法。但是,采用三维有限元进行数值模拟在高速公路工程中容易造成数组过大,计算时间并且收敛性比较差,因此把三维问题简化为二维问题是众望所归。在把三维问题简化二维平面问题简化计算时,最重要的是参数的折减。基于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基的特性,结合理论分析提出了一种参数折减的方法。并依据连盐高速公路实测的数据验证了该参数简化方法的可行性。     

Methods for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow

In order to thoroughly investigate the diversity of glacier microorganisms, four DNA extraction methods with different lysis patterns were tested and two screened methods (the Bosshard-Bano method and the Zhou method) were optimized for the most effective form of the filter membrane (cut vs. uncut), the DNA extraction method, and the precipitation method. The two optimized methods were then compared with the commercial Mo-Bio DNA extraction kit, and the results showed that the kit was generally suitable for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow. Procedurally, it was found that a modified Bosshard- Bano method (i.e., cutting the filter membrane into pieces, using a specific lysis pattern [lysozyme (5 mg/mL)-protease K (1 mg/mL)-CTAB (1%)-SDS (1%)], performing the extraction only once by chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1), and conducting DNA precipitation by pure ethanol) was also an effective and less expensive method for extraction of microorganism DNA from glacier surface snow.