贵州省第四纪河流阶地沉积分析

本文根据贵州河流阶地发育的情况,各级阶地沉积特征、形成时间、气候和贵州新构造活动等因素,将贵州河流阶地演化分为四个阶段进行讨论。同时,与青藏高原隆升时代进行了对比分析,提出贵州河流阶地形成与青藏高原隆升有密切的联系;同时根据其河流阶地的演化,提出贵州的河流阶地成因模式为构造-气候旋回模式。     

皖西北及邻区第四系分布与新构造运动特征

本文根据皖北及邻区区域调查报告[1]中第四系钻孔资料,通过插值法得到皖北及邻区第四系等厚线.结合该地区地震及断裂分布,分析皖北及邻区新构造运动特征,认为涡阳为研究区内破坏性地震最可能发生的地区.     

离散三角网格系统距离量测方法

根据离散三角网格系统的空间分布特征,构建新型的十二连通拓扑空间几何距离量测方法,根据三角网格的边的方向性差异性及空间分布格局特征提出一种新型的三角网格单元三维IJK坐标系统,给出该坐标系统与传统行列坐标系统的坐标转换方法,推导三角网格系统的距离计算公式,为基于三角网格系统构建的柏拉图立体三角网格部分系统的距离计算奠定了...     

一种近似等积球面菱形格网的构建方法

介绍了一种基于内接正八面体和Snyder投影的近似等积格网构建方法。先构建与球面面积相等的正八面体,将正八面体的面作为初始剖分面,然后采用四元三角剖分方法将初始剖分面分割成层次嵌套的三角格网,利用Snyder等积投影将正八面体面上的层次格网投影至球面,用大圆弧代替Snyder投影弧,构建近似等积的全球离散格网系统。在分析Snyder投影弧和大圆弧差异的基础上,依次计算各层次格网的面积、长度、角度值;根据计算结果分析了不同层次近似等积格网面积、长度、角度变形规律及空间分布特征。结果表明,随着剖分层次的增加,格网面积误差呈减小的趋势;剖分层次为10时,99.8%的格网面积偏差在-10%~10%之间,面积变形较大的格网均位于由正八面体面的中心到三个顶点的连线附近;格网长度、角度最大值与最小值的比均呈收敛的趋势,分别收敛至1.73和3.03。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000332

A huge triangle-shaped tectonic region in eastern Asia plays host to numerous major earthquakes. The three boundaries of this region, which contains plateaus, mountains, and intermountain basins, are roughly the Himalayan arc, the Tianshan-Baikal, and longitude line 105°E. Within this triangular region, tectonism is intense and major deformation occurs both between crustal blocks and within most of them. Outside of this region, rigid blocks move as a whole with relatively few major earthquakes and relatively weak Cenozoic deformation. On a large tectonic scale, the presence of this broad region of intraplate deformation results from dynamic interactions between the Indian, Philippine Sea-West Pacific, and Eurasian plates, as well as the influence of deep-level mantle flow. The Indian subcontinent, which continues to move northwards at 40 mm/a since its collision with Eurasia, has plunged beneath Tibet, resulting in various movements and deformations along the Himalayan arc that diffuse over a long distance into the hinterland of Asia. The northward crustal escape of Asia from the Himalayan collisional zone turns eastwards and southeastwards along 95°–100°E longitude and defines the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. At the western Himalayan syntaxis, the Pamirs continue to move into central Asia, leading to crustal deformation and earthquakes that are largely accommodated by old EW or NW trending faults in the bordering areas between China, Mongolia, and Russia, and are restricted by the stable landmass northwest of the Tianshan-Altai-Baikal region. The subduction of the Philippine and Pacific plates under the Eurasian continent has generated a very long and narrow seismic zone along trenches and island arcs in the marginal seas while imposing only slight horizontal compression on the Asian continent that does not impede the eastward motion of eastern Asia. In the third dimension, there may be southeastward deep mantle flow beneath most of Eurasia that reaches the marginal seas and may contribute to extension along the eastern margin of Eurasia.     

Structure of the Mérida Andes, Venezuela: relations with the South America–Caribbean geodynamic interaction

For over 50 years, several models based on diverse geologic concepts and variable quality of data have been proposed to explain the major structure and history of the Mérida Andes (MA), in western Venezuela. Lately, this chain growth and associated flexural basins deepening have been related to incipient type-A subductions of either polarity, accounting for the across-chain asymmetry. However, these recent models have not well integrated the present tectonically active setting driven by neighboring major plate interactions. At present, this chain exhibits ongoing strain partitioning where cumulative right-lateral slip along chain axis is as much as half of, or about the same, as the transverse shortening since late Miocene, thus implying that the NNE-directed Maracaibo block extrusion with respect to the South America (SA) plate is not a secondary feature. Consequently, this paper discusses some limitations exhibited by the SE-directed continental subduction models—Maracaibo crust underthrusting the Mérida Andes—in the light of available geological and geophysical data. Besides, it is herein proposed that the Mérida Andes structuration is related to a NW-directed, gently dipping, incipient type-A subduction, where chain growth and evolution are similar to those of a sedimentary accretionary wedge (i.e., Barbados), but at crustal scale and with ongoing strain partitioning. This continental subduction is the SE portion of a major orogenic float that also comprises the Perijá range and the Santa Marta block.     

Holocene glacial history and sea-level changes on James Ross Island,Antarctic Peninsula

A reconstruction of deglaciation and associated sea-level changes on northern James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, based on lithostratigraphical and geomorphological studies, shows that the initial deglaciation of presently ice-free areas occurred slightly before 7400 ¹⁴C yr BP. Sea-level in connection with the deglaciation was around 30 m a.s.l. A glacier readvance in Brandy Bay, of at least 7 km, with the initial 3 km over land, reached a position off the present coast at ca. 4600 yr BP. The culmination of the advance was of short duration, and by 4300 yr BP the coastal lowlands again were ice-free. A distinct marine level at 16–18 m a.s.l. was contemporaneous with or slightly post-dates the Brandy Bay advance, thus indicating the relative sea-level around 4600–4500 yr BP. Our results from James Ross Island confirm that over large areas in this part of Antarctica the last deglaciation occurred late. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深圳市观澜断裂第四纪活动性研究

观澜断裂是深圳陆域地区规模最大的北北西向断裂。通过地质地貌调查、联合钻孔探测及地质年代测定等技术方法对观澜断裂的第四纪活动性进行了详细考察与综合研究。结果表明：穿越低丘陵台地地貌区的观澜断裂两侧未见地貌差异或现代构造形变现象;4个典型地质露头和2条钻孔联合剖面显示断裂没有扰动上覆第四系．观澜大布巷钻孔探测剖面还获得了断裂上覆冲洪积砂层底部12．6±2．4Ka的光释光测年数据;断裂物质主要由碎裂岩、构造角砾岩、硅化岩等组成．可见硅质被膜及半固结岩屑或岩粉状物质;7个断层样品的电子自旋共振测试结果显示断裂的最新活动年龄为距今21．1±2．1万年。结合12条浅层地震测线探测未发现断裂错移第四纪覆盖层底界的事实．得出了观澜断裂最新一次活动发生在中更新世晚期．自晚更新世中期以后没有新的近地表活动的结论。     

第四系土层大直径超长桩的承载特性

在没有良好的持力层 (基岩或砂、卵石层 )和成熟经验可借鉴的情况下 ,对第四系土层大直径超长桩 (钻孔灌注桩 )的承载特性进行了分析。并以分析结果为依据 ,预估单桩承载力 ,结果与静力试桩结论相吻合。