南沙群岛南永2井沉积层"红色事件"和"黑色事件"的成因探讨

南沙群岛南永2井的红色沉积层和黑色沉积层标志着两次异常事件,简称为“红色事件”和“黑色事件”。这两个特殊沉积层的主要特征是磁化率为正值、锰铝(黑色沉积)和铁铝(红色沉积)含量高。关于它们的成因主要有两种观点:一种是火山喷发或地震活动,另一种是气候突变。将红色沉积层和黑色沉积层与南海其它珊瑚礁钻井资料、南海及其周缘火山活动和深海沉积中的微玻陨石进行详细对比,并综合分析几种成因的可能性大小。“红色事件”和“黑色事件”在南海其它珊瑚礁钻井中的反映不明显或无反映,表明两事件的影响范围很有限。尽管南海周缘的一些火山活动期次、全球气候变化的一些代用指标和深海沉积中的微玻陨石层在时间上与“红”、“黑”两事件有较好的对比,成岩作用也能使某些沉积层位形成铁富集或锰富集,但综合考虑各个因素可以排除周缘火山喷发、气候突变、撞击事件及成岩作用等4种成因。火山或地震活动引起的铁或锰热泉上涌可以对“红”、“黑”两事件作出较好的解释,是可能性较大的成因。     

4D seismic time-lapse monitoring of an active cold vent,northern Cascadia margin

Two single-channel seismic (SCS) data sets collected in 2000 and 2005 were used for a four-dimensional (4D) time-lapse analysis of an active cold vent (Bullseye Vent). The data set acquired in 2000 serves as a reference in the applied processing sequence. The 4D processing sequence utilizes time- and phase-matching, gain adjustments and shaping filters to transform the 2005 data set so that it is most comparable to the conditions under which the 2000 data were acquired. The cold vent is characterized by seismic blanking, which is a result of the presence of gas hydrate in the subsurface either within coarser-grained turbidite sands or in fractures, as well as free gas trapped in these fracture systems. The area of blanking was defined using the seismic attributes instantaneous amplitude and similarity. Several areas were identified where blanking was reduced in 2005 relative to 2000. But most of the centre of Bullseye Vent and the area around it were seen to be characterized by intensified blanking in 2005. Tracing these areas of intensified blanking through the three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume defined several apparent new flow pathways that were not seen in the 2000 data, which are interpreted as newly generated fractures/faults for upward fluid migration. Intensified blanking is interpreted as a result of new formation of gas hydrate in the subsurface along new fracture pathways. Areas with reduced blanking may be zones where formerly plugged fractures that had trapped some free gas may have been opened and free gas was liberated.     

Expanded adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller using expert knowledge and fuzzy basis function expansion for UFV depth control

Generally, the underwater flight vehicle (UFV) depth control system operates with the following problems: it is a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system, it requires robustness, a continuous control input, and further, it has the speed dependency of controller parameters. To solve these problems, an expanded adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (EAFSMC), which is based on the decomposition method designed by using an expert knowledge and the decoupled sub-controllers and composition method designed by using the fuzzy basis function expansions (FBFEs), is proposed. To verify the performance of the EAFSMC, the depth control of UFV in various operating conditions is performed. Simulation results show that the EAFSMC solves all problems experienced in the UFV depth control system online.     

诊断台风异常路径的三层权重控制点方案

本方案采用850、700、500hPa三个层次的环境平均流场作控制点法。综合考虑这些层次上的引导气流在不同时、空域中的相对重要性。试验结果表明,其效果比单一取某层作引导为佳。且对用来预测台风的未来24小时路径是否异常具有一定的参考价值。     

Robust and adaptive path following for underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles

This paper proposes a nonlinear robust adaptive control strategy to force a six degrees of freedom underactuated underwater vehicle with only four actuators to follow a predefined path at a desired speed despite of the presence of environmental disturbances and vehicle’s unknown physical parameters. The proposed controller is designed using Lyapunov’s direct method, the popular backstepping and parameter projection techniques. The closed loop path following errors can be made arbitrarily small. Interestingly, it is shown that our developed control strategy is easily extendible to situations of practical importance such as parking and point-to-point navigation. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

维护体系良性运行 适应新版质量标准

本文介绍了海洋技术研究所质量管理处在维护质量体系运行方面的主要作法和经验体会，结合2000版ISO9201标准的新内容，提出适应新版标准的想法。     

东太平洋下中新统氧同位素地层与古海洋学意义

研究取自于东太平洋CC48柱状样的钙质超微化石和底栖有孔虫的氧同位素成分变化的结果表明,该区下中新统至少可分出九个氧同位素地层(期),反映该区在早中新世期间至少经历了4次气温上升和5次下降的古气候变化。南极大陆冰川应是形成于早中新世而不是前人认为的中中新世。在早中新世,南极冰体体积有较大的变化。受古气候变化的影响,在早中新世期间东太平洋水柱热结构或温度梯度有比较大的变化,海平面出现多次上升与下降。