陕北府谷矿区煤炭资源清洁利用潜势及方式探讨

为了厘清陕北府谷矿区煤炭资源的清洁潜势、探究其更加清洁高效利用的可能性,在整理分析相关煤炭勘查资料的基础上,通过对矿区主采煤层样品进行系统煤质分析、煤岩组分鉴定、微量元素测试以及相应的对比分析,以探讨其清洁高效利用潜势及途径。结果表明：府谷矿区煤具有中高灰、低硫、高挥发分、高氢碳原子比、低有害元素、富惰质组分等特点,较高的灰分是府谷矿区煤清洁利用的最主要障碍。经对比评价,府谷矿区原煤洁净等级为Ⅲ级,浮煤为Ⅱ级。低热演化程度、高挥发分、高氢碳原子比的特点使其在煤炭直接液化利用方面具有较大的优势,浮煤直接液化利用是府谷矿区煤炭资源清洁高效利用的选择之一。     

钻孔灌注桩在某工程中的应用及质量控制

作为地下隐蔽工程的钻孔灌注桩其质量的好坏直接影响到上部构、建筑物的使用质量和安全,从成孔到灌注成桩其工艺复杂且环环相扣,相互制约又相互影响。文章从影响成桩质量的几个要点,着重分析和阐述了保证灌注质量的措施和方法。     

Geochemistry and potential use of groundwater in the Rocca Busambra area (Sicily, Italy)

In the Rocca Busambra area (mid-west Sicily, Italy), from November 1999 to July 2002, 23 water points including wells and springs were sampled and studied for their chemical and isotopic compositions. Two rain gauges were also installed at different altitudes, and rainwater was collected monthly to determine the isotopic composition. The obtained results revealed the Rocca Busambra carbonate complex as being the main recharge area on account of its high permeability value. From a chemical view point, two main groups of water can be distinguished: calcium–magnesium–bicarbonate-type and calcium–magnesium–chloride–sulphate-type waters. The first group reflects the dissolution of the carbonate rocks; the second group probably originates from circulation within flyschoid sediments. Three water wells differ from the other samples due to their relatively high Na and K content, which probably is to be referred to a marked interaction with the “Calcareniti di Corleone” formation, which is rich in glauconite [(K, Na)(Fe³⁺, Al, Mg)₂(Si, Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂]. In accordance with WHO guidelines for drinking water (2004), almost all the samples collected can be considered drinkable, with the exception of four of them, whose NO₃ ⁻, F⁻ and Na⁺ contents exceed the limits. On the contrary, the sampled groundwater studied is basically suitable for irrigation.     

广州白云堡豪苑观光塔滑坡的形成与防治研究

以往常有两种误区：(1)认为单斜岩层边坡只要坡脚处岩层不被切断，就不会破坏；(2)植树绿化和排水设施的设置总是对边坡的稳定性有利的。文章通过野外调查和力学模型分析了坡脚处岩层未被切断的白云堡豪苑观光塔处单斜岩层滑坡的形成机制，认为该滑坡属于顺层边坡溃屈型的板裂破坏——溃屈破坏，分析了滑坡的稳定性及剩余滑动力。分析表明，人工开挖后边坡的防治方法和措施不当对该滑坡的产生起了非常关键性的作用，其中盲目的植树绿化和排水沟设置成了边坡不稳定的主要诱导因素。由此可见，边坡(滑坡)防治措施的选择对其稳定性具有非常重要的意义。最后，提出切中要害的滑坡防治方案。     

煤层气开发利用与辽宁能源环境

对辽宁省主要煤田煤层气赋有条件及开发利用现状和开发潜力进行了研究评价。同时对辽宁省煤层气市场与煤层气开发效益进行了分析,并提出了重点目标区和开发利用建议。     

地球化学样品分析质量管理系统

利用VFP6．0强大的数据计算和管理功能,设计了对地质调查样品分析数据的实验室质量管理系统。该系统不仅可以同时管理多个图幅样品的数据,还可以自动实现样品编码、内检样品按指定比例随机生成、一级和二级标样质量汇总、内检合格率和报出率计算、二级标样质量监控图绘制以及按选定格式进行分析数据和内检数据的导入和导出,可以根据用户的需要输出美观的表格。该系统适用于不同比例尺化探数据的实验室质量管理。     

活动断裂引发的环境地质问题及措施

随着经济的飞速发展和现代化建设的加快，全社会防灾减灾意识的增强，在国土规划、抗震规划及高、深、大型工程项目的建设中，对活动断裂的研究，已成为勘测、设计中的重要课题。本文就影响张家口市城市安全的活动断裂的类型、空间展布、活动特征、引发的环境地质灾害及工程对策等予以阐述，为城市规划提供依据。     

地热勘探地质录井几个注意的问题

目前,北京市地热井的性质以探采结合为主,首先是“探”,其次是“采”。地质录井是地热勘探过程中获得原始资料最直接的方式,地质录井成果的质量对成井质量起着至关重要的作用。本文以北京市顺史区后沙峪地区顺后热-8地热井为例,针对地质录井工作中需要注意的岩样采集、钻进异常、地球物理测井和试井问题,进行了初步探讨。     

水泥土搅拌桩桩身质量的电阻率分析

通过对某高速公路软基处理试验段水泥土搅拌桩芯样强度与电阻率指标的分析发现,水泥土搅拌桩的桩身质量与其施工工艺密切相关;在特定的施工工艺条件下,水泥掺入比与搅拌均匀性是影响桩身质量的2个重要因素;在相同深度处,桩身水泥土芯样的竖向电阻率高于其水平向电阻率;桩身水泥土芯样的电阻率与其无侧限抗压强度之间存在着很好的线性相关关系;水泥体芯样水平向电阻率的标准差在一定程度上反映了水泥掺入量和搅拌均匀性。综上所述,利用水泥土的电阻率及其相关指标对大规模施工条件下水泥土搅拌桩的桩身质量进行定量分析是一种经济、无损、简便和科学的方法。     

Impacts of at-site wastewater disposal systems on the groundwater aquifer in arid regions: case of Sfax City, Southern Tunisia

Groundwater in Sfax City (Tunisia) has been known since the beginning of the century for its deterioration in quality, as a result of wastewater recharge into the aquifer. An average value of 12 × 10⁶ m³ of untreated wastewater reaches the groundwater aquifer each year. This would result not only in a chemical and biological contamination of the groundwater, but also in an increase of the aquifer piezometric level. Quantitative impacts were evaluated by examining the groundwater piezometric level at 57 surface wells and piezometers. The survey showed that, during the last two decades, the groundwater level was ever increasing in the urban area with values reaching 7 m in part; and decreasing in Sidi Abid (agricultural area) with values exceeding −3 m. Groundwater samples for chemical and microbial analysis were collected from 41 wells spread throughout the study area. Results showed significantly elevated levels of sodium, chlorides, nitrates and coliform bacteria all over the urban area. High levels (NO₃: 56–254 mg/l; Na >1,500 mg/l; Coliforms >30/100 ml) can be related to more densely populated areas with a higher density of pit latrine and recharge wells. Alternatively results showed a very variable chemical composition of groundwater, e.g. electrical conductivity ranges from 4,040 to19,620 μs/cm and the dry residual varies between 1.4 and 14 g/l with concentrations increasing downstream. Furthermore a softening of groundwater in Set Ezzit (highly populated sector) was observed.