航空摄影最佳曝光量的选择

分解力是评定影象质量的重要指标。本文介绍利用改进后的国产9 w测微密度仪,测定航空软片静态分解力与曝光量的关系。以最大分解力所相应的曝光量作为确定航摄软片感光度的基准,以此为基础,确定航摄底片的最大密度( D _max )、最小密度( D _min )、影象反差(△ D )和平均密度( D _R )本文对国产1022T、1022P、柯达2402、2412等航摄软片进行了研究,其试验结果可作为今后修改航摄规范的基础。     

Atmospheric pollution assessment near potential source of natural aerosols in the South Gobi Desert region,China

ABSTRACT

Rapid economic growth, a high degree of urbanization and the proximity of a large number of desert and semidesert landscapes can have a significant impact on the atmosphere of adjacent territories, leading to high levels of atmospheric pollution. Therefore, identifying possible sources of atmospheric pollution is one of the main tasks. In this study, we carried out an analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of five main atmospheric pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO) near potential source of natural aerosols, affecting seven cities (Wuhai, Alashan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei, Wuwei, Jinchang, Zhangye), located in immediate proximity to the South Gobi deserts. The results, obtained for the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018, demonstrate total concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are 38.2 ± 19.5 and 101 ± 80.7 μg/m³ exceeding the same established by the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CNAAQS), being 35 and 70 μg/m³, respectively. Based on the data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the whole period, Clean Сontinental (71.49%) and Mixed (22.29%) types of aerosols prevail in the region. In the spring and winter seasons maximum concentrations of pollutants and high values of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in the region atmosphere are observed. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ ratio shows the presence of coarse aerosols in the total content with value 0.43. The highest concentrations of pollutants were in the period of dust storms activity, when PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ content exceeded 200 and 1000 µg/m³, and AOD value exceeded 1. UV Aerosol Index (UVAI), Aerosol Absorbing Optical Depth (AAOD), and Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), obtained from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), demonstrate the high content of dust aerosols in the period of sandstorms. Analysis of backward trajectories shows that dust air masses moved from North to Northwest China, affecting large deserts such as Taklamakan, Gurbantunggut, Badain Jaran, Tengger, and Ulan Buh deserts.     

安徽省含山县土地整理耕地质量评价及其变化研究

土地整理是改善土地利用条件,提高土地质量的有效措施,对土地整理后的耕地质量进行评价是土地整理重要工作之一。从耕地质量的内涵和土地整理项目的基本要求出发,选取耕地自然条件和耕地利用条件2个基本因素和12个影响因子,将特尔斐法与层次分析法相结合,确定各因子权重,构建基于土地整理的耕地质量评价指标体系。以安徽省含山县铜闸镇土地整理项目为例,采用传统的土壤调查与3S技术相结合的方法,分析土地整理复垦过程中耕地质量时空格局变化,得出整理前、后耕地质量的级别变化。研究结果表明,通过土地整理,研究区的耕地质量空间分布和级别发生了很大变化,整理后一级、二级、三级质量的土地比整理前分别增加了7.20%,11.95%和0.65%,四级、五级则分别减少了15.65%和4.16%,整理后的耕地质量总体水平是整理前的1.291倍。     

应用于SAR图像配准的自适应SIFT特征均匀分布算法

SAR图像配准要求提取出稳定且分布均匀的同名点,但是传统的SIFT算法没有考虑特征点的空间分布情况,提取的特征呈块状分布。针对SAR图像数据的特点,提出了一种自适应控制SIFT特征均匀分布算法,利用局部纹理特征,并结合最优化筛选策略,在保证特征点稳定性和准确性的同时,自适应控制特征在不同空间的分布情况,实现SIFT特征点在图像空间和尺度空间的合理分布。最后从提取效率、匹配正确率和分布质量等方面进行对比试验,验证了算法应用于SAR图像配准的能力。     

内外一体化数字地形图测绘质量控制对策研究

介绍内外业一体化数字化测图的质量控制准则 ,给出了数字地形图精度评定的方法。根据实践经验 ,对数字测图成果质量控制提出了具体的技术措施     

中巴地球资源卫星在辽东区域环境监测中的应用评价研究

对中巴资源一号卫星 CCD传感器接收的辽宁省营口幅数据 ,从几何精度、空间分辨率、数据噪声等方面 ,进行了图像数据质量评价 ,认为从总体上讲 ,达到了设计要求 ,具有广阔的应用前景 ,同时指出 ,CCD传感器在稳定性和同一性方面尚需改进     

考洲洋海域水质季节变化及评价方法初步研究

文章于2018年1月（冬季）、4月（春季）、7月（夏季）、10月（秋季）对我国考洲洋海域海水中的溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量（COD）、无机氮（DIN）、活性磷酸盐（DIP）4个主要海水水质因子进行了综合调查。结果表明,4个水质因子DIP、DIN、COD、DO的平均浓度由高到低的季节变化分别为：冬季（0.058 mg/L）、春季（0.046 mg/L）、夏季（0.009 mg/L）、秋季（0.006 mg/L）;冬季（0.465 mg/L）、春季（0.171 mg/L）、夏季（0.064 mg/L）、秋季（0.040 mg/L）;夏季（1.57 mg/L）、冬季（1.26 mg/L）、秋季（1.22 mg/L）、春季（0.89 mg/L）;冬季（11.70 mg/L）、夏季（7.41 mg/L）、秋季（7.36 mg/L）、春季（7.18 mg/L）。评价结果显示,春季和冬季主要超标因子为DIP和DIN,夏季超标因子为DIP,秋季水质因子均满足要求。同时,本研究利用单因子标准指数法、富营养化指数法和有机污染评价指数法对考洲洋地区水质状况进行评价并对其进行初步比较和分析,结果表明,3种方法在季节性变化上的评价结果基本一致（由高到低均为:冬季、春季、夏季、秋季）,然而,同一季节不同评价方法的超标站位比例不同（单因子指数法:冬季占100%,春季占80%,夏季占10%,秋季则无;富营养化指数法:冬季占90%,春季占70%,夏季和秋季均为无;有机污染指数评价法:冬季和春季均占80%,夏季和秋季均为无）,比较分析表明,3种评价方法具有不同的评价作用和适用性。     

Diffusive equilibrium in thin films provides evidence of suppression of hyporheic exchange and large‐scale nitrate transformation in a groundwater‐fed river

The hyporheic zone of riverbed sediments has the potential to attenuate nitrate from upwelling, polluted groundwater. However, the coarse‐scale (5–10 cm) measurement of nitrogen biogeochemistry in the hyporheic zone can often mask fine‐scale (<1 cm) biogeochemical patterns, especially in near‐surface sediments, leading to incomplete or inaccurate representation of the capacity of the hyporheic zone to transform upwelling NO₃^?. In this study, we utilised diffusive equilibrium in thin‐films samplers to capture high resolution (cm‐scale) vertical concentration profiles of NO₃^?, SO₄^2?, Fe and Mn in the upper 15 cm of armoured and permeable riverbed sediments. The goal was to test whether nitrate attenuation was occurring in a sub‐reach characterised by strong vertical (upwelling) water fluxes. The vertical concentration profiles obtained from diffusive equilibrium in thin‐films samplers indicate considerable cm‐scale variability in NO₃^? (4.4 ± 2.9 mg N/L), SO₄^2? (9.9 ± 3.1 mg/l) and dissolved Fe (1.6 ± 2.1 mg/l) and Mn (0.2 ± 0.2 mg/l). However, the overall trend suggests the absence of substantial net chemical transformations and surface‐subsurface water mixing in the shallow sediments of our sub‐reach under baseflow conditions. The significance of this is that upwelling NO₃^?‐rich groundwater does not appear to be attenuated in the riverbed sediments at <15 cm depth as might occur where hyporheic exchange flows deliver organic matter to the sediments for metabolic processes. It would appear that the chemical patterns observed in the shallow sediments of our sub‐reach are not controlled exclusively by redox processes and/or hyporheic exchange flows. Deeper‐seated groundwater fluxes and hydro‐stratigraphy may be additional important drivers of chemical patterns in the shallow sediments of our study sub‐reach. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

软土路基深层搅拌桩检测方法的探讨

根据长江路三期软土路基的工程地质条件及道路工程的施工特征，分析与探讨了适用于道路工程中深层搅拌桩质量的检测方法和桩身质量的综合评价方法，通过对此道路工程中深层搅拌桩质量的检测，总结出了适合道路工程的，轻便触探结合钻探取心的，快捷、方便、可靠、经济合理的较为理想的检测方法。     

Protected geographical indications: Institutional roles in food systems governance and rural development

This paper examines the importance of national-level institutional arrangements for promoting the EU’s Protected Geographic Indication scheme (PGI). Taking the example of Ireland, for which PGI designations remain comparatively low, it explores whether the approach to providing institutional supports to the PGI scheme is influenced by top-down technocratic governance structures that pertain to food safety and quality certification that encompass the broader operating environment for food production in Ireland. Although the regulation of food safety and quality certification are distinct remits to the administration of the PGI scheme, in the Irish context the same institutional bodies are involved in governance of both. Using a discourse analysis interpretative framework, this paper draws on interviews with Irish producer group members and institutional representatives to examine how governance of the PGI scheme reflects management perspectives and practices more in keeping with a regulatory environment for food safety and quality than with development of place-based food product links. It suggests that incentives to avail of the PGI scheme as a means of realising value-added for producers are not well established because they require the development of more subjective, context-dependent processes and practices linked to geographical place and place identity. These are not easily accommodated under current institutional arrangements that also incorporate food safety and quality remits because these are in turn strongly established through nationally and internationally recognised systems of regulation and benchmarking. The findings point to the benefits to be gained from a more layered governance structure for PGI; devolving operation of the scheme to relevant regional and local development organisations that possess the expertise and relevant local knowledge to (a) incentivise the formation of producer groups, and (b) prioritise mentoring and support for PGI concept development as a clearer reflection of bottom-up rural sustainability policy.