自组织竞争神经网络在江苏油田有杆抽油系统故障诊断中的应用

有杆抽油系统的故障诊断技术是国内外采油工程技术中的一个重要研究课题。通过示功图的不同形状特征可以反映抽油机的不同工作状态。将自组织竞争神经网络应用于示功图的识别与分类,建立了一个自组织竞争神经网络模型对示功图进行自动聚类,从而实现故障诊断的自动化。应用江苏油田的实测示功图数据进行实验,可以看出自组织竞争神经网络具有良好的分类能力和泛化性能,是实现油田抽油系统故障诊断的有效技术,具有很强的实用价值和广泛的应用前景。     

长江三角洲全新世沉积物光释光测年研究

长江三角洲是研究古海岸沉积环境演化的理想区域。选取长江三角洲平原一支长岩芯钻孔上部55 m层位的沉积物进行光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年研究。根据沉积物粒度特性,在实验前处理过程中,提取100~200 μm或63~100 μm粗颗粒石英矿物进行OSL测年。测年样品的预热坪与剂量恢复实验表明选择180℃作为预热条件较为合适,石英OSL信号衰退曲线以快组分为主。条件实验结果、等效剂量分布以及各测片的循环比、热转移等方法学层面的实验结果表明,OSL测年技术对该孔的沉积物测年具有适应性和可靠性。通过年代—深度关系模型,建立该段地层中全新世以来的年龄框架。依据该孔的年代地层序列并结合前人工作,探讨全新世以来长江三角洲的沉积演化。     

地层测试评价仪在渤海油田的应用

电缆地层测试是求取储层流体性质、进行储层评价最为直接的方法之一。地层测试评价仪（FET）是国产新一代地层测试评价仪器,不仅可以精确测量地层压力并根据压力剖面确定地层流体类型和油气水界面,而且在目的层取样时可以抽排污染流体、实时检测地层流体特性,对确定地层流体性质和分析流体成分起到了重要作用,同时它也可以计算地层渗透率,进行储层产能预测。通过在渤海油田的成功应用,简单介绍FET的基本工作原理和主要用途,重点论述其优越性和局限性,以及在渤海油田成功应用的典型实例,这对FET在其它油田的推广应用具有参考意义。     

EKMAN PUMPING OVER MOUNTAINS

The analytical results of the previous paper(Wu,1989)are used to study the properties of vertical veloc-ity distribution at the top of the boundary layer.The relative position of a jet like geostrophic flow and el-lipse-shaped orography will affect the characteristic feature of vertical motion at the top of the boundary layerwhen the contributions of friction and orography are taken into consideration simultaneously.     

大型抽水试验的水文地质意义

本文以山东省东阿县下马头水源地为实例,探讨了大型抽水试验的主要水文地质意义,包括:确定地下水的主要补给来源及方向,抽水影响范围及程度,水源地岩溶含水层的富水性及供水保证能力,水源地附近地下水与地表水之间的水力联系,水源地附近主要断裂构造的水力性质,水源地抽水对下游水源地的影响以及水文地质参数与水源地地下水允许开采量计算。     

Environmental impact assessment of risk associated with groundwater overdraft remediation in cone of depression,Jining, China

In this paper, a simple scenario and probabilistic approach is used to assess the potential groundwater risk due to proposed overdraft remedial actions in cone of depression, Jining City, China. Focusing on the concentrations of Chloride ions (Cl⁻) and total hardness (TH), the impact of artificial recharge and reduced pumping on groundwater quality and quantity is analysed by using the three-dimensional finite difference groundwater flow and transport model, Visual MODFLOW, to simulate groundwater flow and transport within the study area based on scenarios, and utilizes SURFER software to map risk levels. Although 5, 10 or 15% reduced pumping with artificial recharge leads to more decrease in Cl⁻ and TH concentrations than the 25%, less volume increase is achieved for the remediation of land subsidence and other environmental problems in the cone of depression. The Cl⁻ concentrations in recovered groundwater are within the desired concentration of 200 mg/l; however, TH in some cases are above the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg/l, with an exceedence probability of about 0.67 for recharge and recharge with reduced pumping at 25%. The presence of fractures and hydrogeological complexity greatly determines impacts of remediation, and the 22% reduced pumping with artificial recharge offers an optimum strategy for overdraft remediation in the Jining cone of depression.     

Inversion of interference hydraulic pumping tests in both homogeneous and fractal dual media

This work proposes a complete method for automatic inversion of data from hydraulic interference pumping tests based on both homogeneous and fractal dual-medium approaches. The aim is to seek a new alternative concept able to interpret field data, identify macroscopic hydraulic parameters and therefore enhance the understanding of flow in porous fractured reservoirs. Because of its much contrasted sensitivities to parameters, the dual-medium approach yields an ill-posed inverse problem that requires a specific optimization procedure including the calculation of analytical sensitivities and their possible re-scaling. Once these constraints are fulfilled, the inversion proves accurate, provides unambiguous and reliable results. In the fractal context inverting several drawdown curves from different locations at the same time reveals more accurate. Finally, hydraulic parameters drawn from inversion should be taken into account to improve in various situations the conditioning of up-scaled flow in fractured rocks.     

泵吸反循环钻进工艺在桩基施工中的应用

介绍了泵吸反循环钻进的施工特点、适用范围，施工中的技术要求与常见故障的原因及处理方法。     

对西金大厦基坑降水工程的思考

西金大厦场地勘察工作于1994年8月完成，5年以后开始基坑降水工作，本文分析场地地下水现状，剖析降水设计方案，提出有针对性的降水新构想。     

周口电信枢纽楼基坑降水设计方案技术经济分析

通过分析两种不同的基坑降水设计方案，阐述了降水技术要求，并介绍周边建筑物不均匀沉降的防治措施。