同一大尺度天气条件下的两地明显降水差异成因分析

通过对地域毗邻的广西、广东两省2004年春季一次降水个例的综合分析,结果表明,两广锋前中尺度流场、锋面坡度的不同,以及两地明显的水汽和垂直运动条件的差别,是造成这次两广明显降水差异的主要原因所在。所得结果可对今后预报提供一些启示和参考。     

用矢量有限元方法模拟随钻测井仪在倾斜各向异性地层中的电磁响应

用矢量有限元法模拟和分析了电各向异性倾斜沉积岩层的随钻测井电磁响应,为很好地模拟钻铤、井眼和激励线圈等,采用了基于圆柱坐标下的六面体剖分;同时采用了高阶叠层矢量基函数来描述每个剖分单元内的场,有利于减少剖分单元数和未知量.三维有限元程序采用数值模式匹配(当处于简单地层时)以及时域有限差分法计算的结果进行了验证,显示吻合非常好.最后仿真了不同各向异性系数和不同倾角的各向异性地层的随钻电阻率测井响应,有助于对各向异性及地层倾角的校正,以及对储层作出正确评价.     

3D finite volume groundwater and heat transport modeling with non-orthogonal grids,using a coordinate transformation method

Many popular groundwater modeling codes are based on the finite differences or finite volume method for orthogonal grids. In cases of complex subsurface geometries this type of grid either leads to coarse geometric representations or to extremely fine meshes. We use a coordinate transformation method (CTM) to circumvent this shortcoming. In computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this method has been applied successfully to the general Navier–Stokes equation. The method is based on tensor analysis and performs a transformation of a curvilinear into a rectangular unit grid, on which a modified formulation of the differential equations is applied. Therefore, it is not necessary to reformulate the code in total. We applied the CTM to an existing three-dimensional code (SHEMAT), a simulator for heat conduction and advection in porous media. The finite volume discretization scheme for the non-orthogonal, structured, hexahedral grid leads to a 19-point stencil and a correspondingly banded system matrix. The implementation is straightforward and it is possible to use some existing routines without modification. The accuracy of the modified code is demonstrated for single phase flow on a two-dimensional analytical solution for flow and heat transport. Additionally, a simple case of potential flow is shown for a two-dimensional grid which is increasingly deformed. The result reveals that the corresponding error increases only slightly. Finally, a thermal free-convection benchmark is discussed. The result shows, that the solution obtained with the new code is in good agreement with the ones obtained by other codes.     

Hybrid three-dimensional finite-difference and finite-element analysis of seismic wave induced fluid–structure interaction of a vertical cylinder

The two-dimensional finite-difference scheme has been extended to three dimensions to solve nonlinear hydrodynamic pressures and structural responses of a deformable, vertical and circular surface-piercing offshore cylinder during earthquakes. A complete three-dimensional analysis has been made with both the three-dimensional equations of motion and the simultaneous action of three components of ground acceleration included in the analysis. Not only the magnitude but also the direction of the acting ground motion can be varied with time. The dynamic response of a cylinder is approximated by the displacements in the fundamental modes of vibration. A comparison of the dynamic displacement of the cylinder with and without surrounding sea water has been made. The flexibility of the offshore cylinder can significantly increase the hydrodynamic pressures acting on cylinder faces, that is, the fluid-structure interaction is necessary in offshore cylinder analysis. Although the hydrodynamic pressure induced by the vertical ground acceleration of the El Centro 1979 earthquake is significant, the calculated structural dynamic response of a cylinder is very small and the corresponding resultant hydrodynamic force is almost nil. The hydrodynamic force induced by two-horizontal ground acceleration is about the same as that by three simultaneous components of ground acceleration. For a solid and stubbier circular cylinder, the vertical component of ground acceleration may be neglected.     

一种模拟三维海流运动的差分方法

提出了一种模拟三维海流运动的隐式差分方法,井给出其计算步骤。通过对该差分方法的稳定性分析可以发现,它的时间步长取值有较大的灵活性。该方法被用于崖门海域的海流模拟。实例计算表明,该差分方法计算过程稳定,计算结果合理,能较好地反映出三维海流运动的特征。     

逆冲断层应力场的数值模拟

采用二维显式有限差分法与三维隐式有限单元法,分别计算了模型剖面上断层逆冲运动和三维断层逆冲运动伴随的断层邻域应力场。结果表明：（１）逆冲断层上盘下端部发育张应力场,下盘下端部发育压应力场;（２）对复杂的三维构造,在一定限定条件下,可以转化成二维问题进行计算;（３）显式差分法与隐式有限单元,都能较好地用接触模型模拟活动断层的应力场特征     

高层建筑逆作法施工沉降差控制分析

沉降差控制是软土地区逆作法施工中的关键技术。根据逆作法施工特点,采用上部结构、地基和基础共同作用理论,对算例进行计算,根据结果,分析沉降差与上部结构、地基刚度贡献以及地下连续墙深之间关系,以使逆作法施工控制中有的放矢,减少沉降差带来的负面影响。     

1970—2021年粤北和珠三角地区地气温差对比分析

利用1970—2021年粤北和珠三角地区30个气象站的逐日地面温度和气温资料,分析了地气温差(地面温度-气温)空间分布、季节变化及气候变化背景下的年际变化趋势。(1)近50年来粤北和珠三角年平均地气温差介于1.97～3.21℃之间,总体呈现北高南低的纬向型分布格局。(2)夏季地气温差最大为3.25℃,冬季最小为1.71℃;其中冬季珠三角地气温差比粤北大,夏季则相反。(3)珠三角的东莞在冬、夏两季均为下降趋势最明显的城市,降速为0.35℃/(10 a)和0.66℃/(10 a);上升最明显位于珠三角的增城和粤北的仁化分别为0.30℃/(10 a)和0.32℃/(10 a)。(4)近50年粤北和珠三角年平均地气温差呈不显著的下降趋势,降速为0.061℃/(10 a);其中粤北呈上升趋势,升速为0.3℃/(10 a);珠三角则呈下降趋势,降速为0.16℃/(10 a);两者变化趋势呈南北反相分布态势。(5)粤北地气温差月变化呈单峰型结构,珠三角则呈双峰型结构;两地地气温差最小值在汛期前的3月,粤北峰值在7月,珠三角峰值在7月和10月。此外,珠三角年平均气温及夏季地气温差均在1992年发生突变...