Soil organic carbon mapping using remote sensing techniques and multivariate regression model

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important aspect of soil quality and plays an imperative role in soil productivity in the agriculture ecosystems. The present study was applied to estimate the SOC stock using space-borne satellite data (Landsat 4–5 Thematic Mapper [TM]) and ground verification in the Medinipur Block, Paschim Medinipur District and West Bengal in India. In total, 50 soil samples were collected randomly from the region according to field surveys using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) unit to estimate the surface SOC concentrations in the laboratory. Bare soil index (BSI) and normalized difference vegetation ndex (NDVI) were explored from TM data. The satellite data-derived indices were used to estimate spatial distribution of SOC using multivariate regression model. The regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between SOC and spectral indices (NDVI and BSI) and compared the observed SOC (field measure) to predict SOC (estimated from satellite images). Goodness fit test was performed to determine the significance of the relationship between observed and predicted SOC at p ≤ 0.05 level. The results of regression analysis between observed SOC and NDVI values showed significant relationship (R² = 0.54; p < 0.0075). A significant statistical relationship (r = ?0.72) was also observed between SOC and BSI. Finally, our model showed nearly 71% of the variance of SOC distribution could be explained by SOC and NDVI values. The information from this study has advanced our understanding of the ongoing ecological development that affects SOC dissemination and might be valuable for effective soil management.     

中国出口贸易韧性空间差异性研究

金融危机时期,中国区域出口韧性表现出危机第一阶段(2008—2009年)的抵抗力、危机第二阶段(2009—2011年)的恢复力、产品结构转换提升力。论文构建了区域-产品层面的区域出口贸易韧性指标,通过区域出口贸易额、产品结构等不同层面刻画了金融危机后各区域抵抗力、恢复力的空间差异。实证研究表明：相关多样化产业结构不仅在短期可以增强区域产品的抵抗力,在长期还可以提高区域产品的恢复力并且助推区域产品实现结构升级;应急型税收政策短期内一定程度上可以有效缓解危机冲击,但其影响范围及作用时间均是有限的;外企出口占比高的区域产品对区域产品结构升级影响不明显,但加工贸易方式推动了区域产品在危机中的结构升级。     

Feasible numerical method for analysis of offshore pipeline in installation

Feasible numerical method for a structural analysis of a pipeline configuration during the installation process is presented. The method considers the whole pipeline, which is partially suspended and partially laid-on a seabed, as a single continuous segment, and is valid for a complete range of laying angles between 0°–90°, i.e., valid for both S-lay and J-lay configurations. The method accounts for a pipeline–seabed interaction and the pipeline is modeled by means of nonlinear large deformation beam theory. The numerical solution is carried out in an incremental-iterative manner by following the actual pipeline installation process, and thus allowing efficient treatment of pipeline-seabed interaction circumventing the further complexities with contact detection. At each increment, the length of the pipeline is increased and new sequential equilibrium configuration is assessed by direct minimization of a total potential energy approximated as a Riemann sum, which yields algebraic system of nonlinear finite difference equations that is further solved by iterations with Newton-Raphson technique. The simplicity, flexibility and robustness of the proposed method allow to enhance the efficiency of engineering calculations and design. Accounting for a bending stiffness in a suspended part allows analyzing variations in laying angle and lay tension independently. The method convergence is validated and compared with Abaqus. The results are in an excellent agreement. Moreover, the comparison with Abaqus shows that for the selected parameters the assumption that the pipeline is inextensible and unshearable is very reasonable. Representative parametric study is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Parametric study considers the effects of laying angle (0°–90°), lay tension, laying water depth (up to 3000 m) and seabed stiffness.     

线纹海马Hippocampus erectus的tlr21基因结构及其对CpG-ODN的应答特征

作为先天性免疫反应中重要的模式识别受体之一, TLR(toll-like receptor)基因家族介导的先天性免疫是脊椎动物抵御病原微生物的重要防线。研究分析了线纹海马Hippocampus erectus tlr21基因的序列特征, 并基于抗原注射实验探讨了海马tlr21的免疫功能。线纹海马tlr21基因的开放阅读框长度为2946bp, 编码981个氨基酸, 预测其编码蛋白相对分子量为246.98kDa, 理论等电点为4.78。tlr21编码蛋白主要包含1个信号肽和3个功能结构域: 胞外区具有14个富含亮氨酸重复序列的结构域(LRR), 跨膜区具有富含半胱氨酸的结构域, 胞内区则具有TIR结构域。同源性比较和系统进化分析表明, 线纹海马tlr21基因与虎尾海马Hippocampus comes tlr21基因的同源性最高, 其次与斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides、牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus和红鳍东方鲀Takifugu rubripes的tlr21基因聚为一枝。tlr21基因在线纹海马的脑、鳃、肝、肠、肾、性腺、肌肉和育儿袋各组织均有分布, 肾脏中表达量最高。抗原注射实验结果发现, 线纹海马Tlr21对不同类型CpG寡脱氧核苷酸(CpG-ODNs)的识别能力存在差异, 其中, CpG-2007和CpG-HC4040对海马肾脏tlr21的mRNA表达量具有显著的促进作用(P<0.05)。研究表明, 线纹海马Tlr21能够通过识别含CpG序列的DNA发挥免疫识别作用, 研究结果将有助于系统认识海马免疫系统中TLR家族基因的功能特征, 为建立海马病害防治策略提供理论依据。     

多频率InSAR提取沼泽湿地DEM精度对比分析

选取3种波长的干涉SAR数据对提取沼泽湿地区域的DEM,并随机从1：10 000地形图中选取111个点数据进行精度验证,最后对比分析了沼泽湿地植被对于不同SAR波长的干涉相干性差异。结果表明：L-band ALOS-1 PALSAR精细模式的HH单视复数数据与1：10 000地形图数据吻合度较好,76.58%的高程值差异在3 m以内,其相干系数比C-band Sentinel-1A IW模式的VV单视复数数据和X-band TerraSAR HH单视复数数据要高;更适合利用雷达干涉测量技术提取沼泽湿地的DEM;不同湿地植被类型的相干系数有较大差异,岛状林和灌草结合的湿地植被分布区相干系数值较大,而浅水沼泽植被区和深水沼泽植被区相对较低。     

北斗三号观测数据质量及定位精度初步评估

开展BDS-3观测数据质量评估对于即将到来的BDS-3应用研究至关重要。本文从载噪比、伪距多路径及观测噪声3方面评估了BDS-3卫星的观测数据质量,在此基础上分析了其标准单点定位和短基线相对定位性能。初步评估结果表明：在载噪比方面,BDS-3卫星的B1I频点比BDS-2卫星高3~4 dB/Hz,B3I频点最高,其余频点大小相当;在多路径方面,BDS-3卫星伪距B2a、B2b和B3I与BDS-2的B3I大小相当,B1I和B1C与BDS-2的B1I、B2I大小相当,且BDS-3各频点的伪距多路径组合中不存在明显的与高度角相关的伪距偏差;在观测值噪声方面,BDS-3卫星与BDS-2卫星各频点大小基本相当。相比于仅使用BDS-2卫星,增加BDS-3卫星可以改善几何图形结构,一定程度上提高伪距单点定位和短基线相对定位的精度。     

多功能一体化信标机在海洋施工的应用

勘察人员在海洋地质勘察测量放样时,采用的定位导航设备通常是分体式信标机。分体式信标机主要由天线头、电缆、主机、数据线电源线、计算机和电瓶6大部件连接组成。在实际生产时,连接天线头和主机的电缆经常受到海水腐蚀而损坏,应用过程中经常需要搬运诸多装备,尤其风浪较大时候,操作过程烦琐且不安全,经市场调查,国内尚无专门的主机-天线一体化信标机。在此背景下,勘察处计划开发一款便携、操作方便的一体化信标机来解决上述问题,该系统不需要架设基站,并通过信标来发射差分信号,在离岸较远的海域使用星站差分服务提供高精度位置结果。经测试验证发现满足工程精度要求,提高海上定位的效率和安全性。     

Storm surge simulation along the Meghna estuarine area: an alternative approach

In this study, numerical prediction of surges associated with a storm was made through the method of lines (MOL) in coordination with the newly proposed RKARMS (4, 4) method for the meghna estuarine region, along the coast of Bangladesh. For this purpose, the vertically integrated shallow water equations (SWEs) in Cartesian coordinates were firstly transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of initial valued, which were then soloved using the new RKARMS (4, 4) method. Nested grid technique was employed for resolving the complexities of the region of interest with minimum cost. Fresh water discharge through the lower Meghna River was taken into account along the north east corner of the innermost child scheme. Numerical experiments were performed with the severe cyclone on April 1991 that crossed the coast over the study area. Simulated results by the study were found to be in good agreement with some reported data and were found to compare well with the results obtained by the MOL in addition with the classical 4th order Runge-Kutta (RK (4, 4)) method and the standard finite difference method (FDM).     

GPS/BDS联合定轨对北斗卫星轨道的影响分析

为研究不同条件下GPS/BDS联合定轨对北斗卫星轨道的影响,在不同测站分布条件下采用不同定轨弧长分别进行GPS/BDS联合定轨和BDS独立定轨,并从轨道重叠弧段不符值、与MGEX分析中心产品比较以及卫星激光测距检核残差3个方面详细比较两种定轨方法的精度。结果表明,区域网条件下,联合定轨能够显著提升1 d解北斗IGSO/MEO卫星的轨道精度,但对3 d解的北斗各类卫星定轨精度的改善较小;全球网条件下,无论是采用1 d还是3 d定轨弧长,联合定轨均能在一定程度上改善北斗IGSO/MEO卫星轨道沿迹方向和法向的精度,但对径向绝对精度的改善较小;而对于北斗GEO卫星,全球网条件下的联合定轨对其轨道各方向精度的影响均较小。     

基于遥感和高程差异特征快速调查采煤塌陷地的方法研究——以山东省为例

煤矿开采产生的地表塌陷不仅造成耕地破坏,还会引发生态环境破坏及基础设施建设损毁,对社会经济发展造成严重的负面影响。如何快速摸清底数,进而理清责任并分类治理显得尤为重要。该文以山东省为例,研究借助遥感技术和DEM高程差异特征形成一套快速调查采煤塌陷地的技术方法,该方法重点调查地表在一定时期高程损失0.5m以上、且损害人民生产生活的采煤塌陷区域。通过研究,摸清了山东省采煤塌陷地位置、规模、损毁程度及土地用途等基本情况,并建立了采煤塌陷地基础数据库。