华北地区上部地壳结构的三维有限差分层析成像

采用正方形网格对华北地区速度模型进行参数化、网格维数为649×90×16,网格间距为1km. 通过对华北地区30条深地震测深剖面的Pg波三维有限差分速度层析成像反演,获得了该地区上部地壳的三维速度结构. 反演结果显示,低速的"棱形"华北盆地被高速的隆起所包围;而华北盆地又由两个大的断陷带中间夹一个隆起所组成.两个大的断陷带又被分割为多个小的断陷盆地.研究区内的断层多为铲式正断层,结晶基底深度变化较大. 所有这些表明华北地区具有复杂的地质构造和发生强震的深部背景.     

青海地区中强地震震源过程的宽频带资料分析

１９８８年至１９９０年,青海地区发生了４次震级大于６．０的地震,本文利用全球数字地震台网（ＧＤＳＮ）的宽频带波形资料,通过波形模拟,结合地质结造的背影资料对这几个地震的震源破裂和发震构造背景进行了研究。通过台站的视震源时间函数（ａＳＴＦ）和视时间差（ａＴＤ）的分析,特别对震源的复杂性进行了讨论。本文的研究从震源分析的角度进一步支持了青藏高原东北部构造应力的压力轴为接的水平的ＮＥ方向,而随着向青藏高     

矿床,同步耦合断层和惯量差假说

根据找矿预测中发现的问题,从探索矿床的本质特征入手,重新定义了矿床。根据本文定义的“矿床”及其所规定的矿床学研究要点,又继续探索并发现了板块构造理论中的基本概念———转换断层的本质特征,并将具有此类特征的断层定义为“同步耦合断层”。产生同步耦合断层的地球动力学机制是：非均质的地球作变速自转时,在经向和纬向惯性力同时作用下,惯量不同的相邻板块因惯量差诱发的相对运动。为此,提出了新的地球动力学原理———惯量差假说。根据此假说的基本原理分别构思了地球自转处于减速期、过渡期和加速期的全球构造体系框架。指出同步耦合断层的张性耦合区是控制大型、超大型矿床成带分布的重要空间。以此认识指导找矿预测实践,取得了一定的成效。     

重庆市同京津沪三市的经济发展差异分析

从经济结构,企业生产,基础设施,科教及对外开放程度等方面分析了重庆市同京津沪三市之间的经济发展差距和缘由,并指出正视差距的存在制定未来重庆市经济发展战略的出发点。     

The relation between the response spectrum and the phase diference spectrum

ＴｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍａｎｄｔｈｅｐｈａｓｅｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍＦＥＮＧ－ＸＩＮＺＨＡＯ（赵凤新）ａｎｄＹＵ－ＸＩＡＮＨＵ（胡聿贤）ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，Ｓｔａ...     

较大地震破裂尺度的一种简单估算

通过对各向同性均匀介质中两个点源的波形传播的几何性质的分析，提出对较大地震的破裂尺度的估计，可以采用多个子事件的模拟，根据接收台站得到的子事件的视时间差的分布特征，判断震源的实际破裂方向和破裂尺度，甚至仅仅根据宽频带Ｐ波（组）的波形宽度就可进行近似的估算。     

用角差前方交会法配合光电测距快速定位桥墩

首次推导出角差前方交会的方式，在桥墩定位的施工现场，可简便、快速地求得持定点的坐标偏离值。该方法精度高，适用于各种定位，特别是深水桥墩浮运物的快速精密定位更具优越性。     

上海天文台的VLBI、SLR、GPS站的空间归心测量

上海天文台的余山VLBI、SLR和GPS站是国际上用以建立和维持地球参考系进行全球动力学研究的基准台站之一。联合应用这些空间测量,需要知道这三个站心间的三维相对位置。本文采用GPS技术及常规的方向、距离和精密水准测量对三个站进行了空间归心测量。介绍了布网、观测和计算方法,得到的归心结果在坐标分量上能达到2cm的外附精度。     

Seismic energy partitioning and scattering in laterally heterogeneous ocean crust

We present finite difference forward models of elastic wave propagation through laterally heterogeneous upper oceanic crust. The finite difference formulation is a 2-D solution to the elastic wave equation for heterogeneous media and implicitly calculatesP andSV propagation, compressional to shear conversion, interference effects and interface phenomena. Random velocity perturbations with Gaussian and self-similar autocorrelation functions and different correlation lengths (a) are presented which show different characteristics of secondary scattering. Heterogeneities scatter primary energy into secondary body waves and secondary Stoneley waves along the water-solid interface. The presence of a water-solid interface in the model allows for the existence of secondary Stoneley waves which account for much of the seafloor noise seen in the synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous models.Random incoherent secondary scattering generally increases aska (wavenumber,k, and correlation length,a) approaches one. Deterministic secondary scattering from larger heterogeneities is the dominant effect in the models aska increases above one. Secondary scattering also shows up as incoherence in the primary traces of the seisograms when compared to the laterally homogeneous case. Cross-correlation analysis of the initialP-diving wave arrival shows that, in general, the correlation between traces decreases aska approaches one. Also, because many different wave types exist for these marine models, the correlation between traces is range dependent, even for the laterally homogeneous case.     

Validation and error analysis of a strata modelling technique

Summary Sources of error are investigated for a two-dimensional finite difference computer program designed to model strata deformation. The program calculates the displacements of a mesh of mass points, by the iterative solution of equations of equilibrium for the stresses acting on each mass point. The effect of errors on both displacement estimates and stress estimates is considered.Round-off errors are discussed analytically, while the effect of choosing too coarse a mesh density is demonstrated by comparison of two runs of the program with identical material properties, but different mesh densities. The influence of boundary conditions and the result of incomplete relaxation of the finite difference equations is estimated by comparison with Kirsch's analytical solution for a thin plate of finite width with a circular hole under unidimensional load.As a result of the analysis, estimators for stresses and displacements are derived, which make allowance for some of the sources of error; suitable boundary conditions for first and subsequent runs of the program are proposed; and a convergence criterion for the iterative process is suggested. These results are then applied to simulations of mining situations, together with various refinements of the basic model, such as separation and slip between adjacent strata, and an allowance for failure of material.