基于正交匹配小波算法的台风云系提取研究

西北太平洋是世界上台风发生频率最高、强度最强的一个海区,因此对西北太平洋台风的发生发展进行相关的分析研究是很有意义的。论文中利用静止卫星观测数据,进行了滤波、去噪等预处理,及综合优化的云检测处理;在此基础上,利用改进的正交匹配小波算法,实现了西北太平洋地区台风云系特征的提取。运用该算法提取出的台风云系特征参数简单,与其他算法比较,尽管提取精度有待改进,但是用于台风的监测预警可提高效率,适用于台风预报预警监测的业务化应用。     

基于赤平投影法的西源岭边坡稳定性分析

通过对西源岭320、350、380、410m4个台阶边坡的优势结构面进行赤平投影分析,得到410平台有5种组合情况、380平台有1种组合情况、350平台有3种组合情况、320平台有1种组合情况可能发生楔形体破坏,以及410平台1处、350平台1处、320平台1处可能发生单平面破坏。然后,运用刚体极限平衡方法对各种实际的潜在破坏面进行天然及暴雨2种工况下的稳定性分析,得到了380平台F380-01与F380-02所控制的楔形体破坏在天然状态和暴雨状态下小于安全系数、350平台F350-03与F350-04控制的楔形体破坏以及320平台F320-11所控制的单平面破坏在天然工况下大于安全性系数、暴雨工况下小于安全性系数的结论。对比分析可知,赤平投影法可以很快速地搜索到可能滑动的结构面组合方式,但是要判断实际结构面组合是否滑动还需要进行定量分析。     

围岩稳定性评价的投影寻踪权重-属性区间识别模型

围岩的稳定性评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题。采用粒子群算法优化投影寻踪方法,并结合属性区间识别理论,建立了围岩稳定性评价的投影寻踪权重-属性区间识别模型。选取5个围岩稳定性影响因子作为评价指标,通过构造属性测度区间函数计算单指标属性测度区间,利用基于粒子群优化的投影寻踪确定各评价指标的权重以计算综合属性测度区间,应用置信度准则和评分准则对围岩的稳定性进行属性识别。实例研究表明,该模型能有效的解决围岩稳定性评价问题,且评价结果科学可靠;评价模型采用投影寻踪确定权重,避免了权重确定中的主观性和随意性,保证了评价工作的客观性和准确性。     

基于匹配追踪算法的强屏蔽剥离技术在樊159井区储层预测中的应用

当储层上覆地层含有厚层烃源岩等特殊地层时,这些地层在地震剖面上会呈现出强振幅特征,这会使下伏储层信息被掩盖,从而干扰储层的正常描述与预测。因此,消除强干扰对储层地震反射的影响,增强储层弱反射信号,对于提高储层预测精度,确定有利储层的空间展布有着重要意义。樊159井区位于樊东地区中西部,该区沙三下亚段和沙四纯上亚段分布高阻、高速厚层烃源岩,对下伏滩坝砂岩储层有强屏蔽作用,必须对其进行剥离。本文以樊159井区实际地震工区为例,分析了储层的地球物理特征,研究了基于层位控制的多道匹配追踪算法,实现了强屏蔽层的剥离。剖面属性对比和沿层属性分析结果表明,储层识别精度得到明显提高。      

高精度分频相干加强技术在微小断层识别中的应用

随着致密油、页岩气等非常规能源领域勘探程度的加深,特别是水平井位的大规模部署,微小断层的准确识别比以往更加重要。本文利用扩散滤波技术在压制噪声的同时能够增强地震同相轴横向连续性、使断点更加清晰、以及微小断层在窄频带地震数据中断层特征明显的特点,提出了一种基于高精度快速匹配追踪的分频相干加强微小断层识别方法。与常规短时窗傅氏变换谱分解技术相比,基于匹配追踪的谱分解技术更适用于地震信号非平稳性的特点。为了在保证匹配追踪算法计算高效性的同时进一步提高计算精度,对其进行了相应的改进：采用可变尺度参数的Morlet小波构建时频原子库,利用二阶微分复数道分析技术得到高分辨率三瞬参数,最后给出了具体的实现步骤。实际数据应用表明,与常规相干体技术相比,分频相干加强技术对微小断层的反映更为清晰、准确,而且对河道边界和岩性发育区等地质信息也有更好的反映。这不但为非常规勘探（以水平井钻探及大规模压裂为核心技术）提供了更详细的地质信息,而且在高含水老油田的剩余油开发中也将发挥更大的作用。     

工业CT中机械径跳投影数据仿真

在工业X射线CT检测系统中,当对某一物体进行检测的时候,系统中的载物台机架会进行不断的旋转,在旋转过程中,机架将会伴随有机械径跳,径跳会影响到探测器接收到的光子数,最后对投影数据有一定的影响,进而影响重建出的物体图像。本文主要分析了载物台机架发生机械径跳的原因,以及径跳对探测器接收X射线光子的影响;在对以上原因进行分析的基础上,提出了在考虑CT机架径跳时的CT投影公式,并对这一投影进行仿真。     

中国地磁基本场模式建立方法探讨

利用７０年代的地磁资料，讨论了测点密度和测点坐标变换对建立中国地磁基本场模式的影响。结果表明，只选用分布较均匀的２００个左右的测点建立基本场模式是可行的；对测点的球面坐标进行Ｍｅｒｃａｔｏｒ投影变换是必要的，可以显著减小模式的场值分布在边界附近出现的畸变现象；３阶到５阶模式均主要反映正常的基本磁场分布，而５阶模式效果最好     

On integration of a cyclic soil plasticity model

Performance of three classes of explicit and implicit time‐stepping integrators is assessed for a cyclic plasticity constitutive model for sands. The model is representative of an important class of cyclic plasticity models for soils and includes both isotropic and nonlinear kinematic hardening. The implicit algorithm is based on the closest point projection method and the explicit algorithm follows a cutting‐plane integration procedure. A sub‐stepping technique was also implemented. The performance of these algorithms is assessed through a series of numerical simulations ranging from simulations of laboratory tests (such as triaxial and bi‐axial compression, direct shear, and cyclic triaxial tests) to the analysis of a typical boundary value problem of geotechnical earthquake engineering. These simulations show that the closest point projection algorithm remains stable and accurate for relatively large strain increments and for cases where the mean effective stress in a soil element reaches very small values leading to a liquefaction state. It is also shown that while the cutting plane (CP) and sub‐stepping (SS) algorithms provide high efficiency and good accuracy for small to medium size strain increments, their accuracy and efficiency deteriorate faster than the closest point projection method for large strain increments. The CP and SS algorithms also face convergence difficulties in the liquefaction analysis when the soil approaches very small mean effective stresses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stochastic simulation of spatially correlated geo-processes

In this study, developments in the theory of stochastic simulation are discussed. The unifying element is the notion of Radon projection in Euclidean spaces. This notion provides a natural way of reconstructing the real process from a corresponding process observable on a reduced dimensionality space, where analysis is theoretically easier and computationally tractable. Within this framework, the concept of space transformation is defined and several of its properties, which are of significant importance within the context of spatially correlated processes, are explored. The turning bands operator is shown to follow from this. This strengthens considerably the theoretical background of the geostatistical method of simulation, and some new results are obtained in both the space and frequency domains. The inverse problem is solved generally and the applicability of the method is extended to anisotropic as well as integrated processes. Some ill-posed problems of the inverse operator are discussed. Effects of the measurement error and impulses at origin are examined. Important features of the simulated process as described by geomechanical laws, the morphology of the deposit, etc., may be incorporated in the analysis. The simulation may become a model-dependent procedure and this, in turn, may provide numerical solutions to spatial-temporal geologic models. Because the spatial simlation may be technically reduced to unidimensional simulations, various techniques of generating one-dimensional realizations are reviewed. To link theory and practice, an example is computed in detail.