赣东北田坂盆地的构造反转

赣东北田坂白垩纪陆相红盆,属古鄱阳盆地东部的残余小型盆地。除具陆相盆地的一般特征外,还具有十分突出的叠加褶皱变形特征,因而极为少见。这种发育在田坂陆相红盆中的以E—W向和NE向两组不同轴迹方向相复合的褶皱叠加干扰图像的成因可能是在盆地所处的特殊边界条件下,受中国东部大陆边缘活动带的控制,导致田坂盆地在中生代末发生构造反转及递进构造变形作用的结果。     

Influence of cryptogamic crust disturbance to wind erosion on sand and loam rangeland soils

A portable field wind tunnel was used to assess the sediment flux rates of loam and sand textured soils in the Mallee region of southeastern Australia. Three levels of crust disturbance (nil, moderate and severe) simulating stock trampling were investigated. The results demonstrated the importance of cryptogamic crusts in binding the soil surface and providing roughness after the soil was moderately disturbed. On the loamy soil, the crust helped maintain sediment flux rates below the erosion control target to 5 g m⁻¹ s⁻¹ for a 65 km h⁻¹ wind measured at 10 m height. Once the crust was severely disturbed, sediment fluxes increased to 1·6 times the erosion target. On the sandy soil, even with no crust disturbance the sediment flux was 1·6 times the erosion control target. Disturbing the crust increased sediment fluxes to a maximum of 6·7 times the erosion control target. Removal of the crust also decreased the threshold wind velocity that resulted in an increase to the risk of erosion from <5 per cent to 20 per cent. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于试验的花岗岩渐进破坏本构模型研究

对取自大渡河流域大岗山电站的花岗岩进行了系统的试验研究,得到了不同围压下的应力-应变曲线。根据岩样受力过程中内部微裂纹的活动状态,定义了4个特征应力,即闭合应力、起裂应力、破损应力、峰值应力,来反映花岗岩的渐进破坏过程,特征应力也反映了岩石内部的损伤程度。依据特征应力,将试验曲线分为4个阶段,并对每一阶段分别求取变形模量和泊松比。结果表明,变形模量不仅与围压有关,且与岩石的损伤程度有关,而泊松比只取决于岩石的损伤程度。特征应力可由体积应变曲线结合线性回归技术准确求取。在此基础上,提出了一个考虑花岗岩渐进破坏的本构模型。在该模型中,变形参数(弹性模量、泊松比)是应力状态的函数,强度参数（凝聚力、内摩擦角）是塑性变形的函数。将该模型嵌入大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对不同围压下的花岗岩室内压缩试验进行模拟,结果表明,模拟所得的应力-应变曲线与试验曲线的吻合程度较高,模型能反映花岗岩等脆性岩石的峰前非线性力学行为。     

顺层岩质边坡渐进破坏及失稳机理的数值模拟研究

提出了利用Lagrangian乘子网格来模拟顺层边坡层间结构面接触行为的方法,并推导了考虑接触约束的Lagrangian控制方程的弱形式及其有限元离散方程。Lagrangian乘子网格容许界面出现较大的切向滑移,较好地解决了接触问题中的高度非线性和响应不平滑性。应用以上方法对沪－蓉－西高速公路某顺层岩质高边坡进行了数值模拟分析,得到了临滑状态下的位移场、应力应变场、结构面上的接触状态、层间滑移距离以及接触摩擦力的分布规律。数值模拟结果表明,顺层岩质边坡的破坏是一个渐进的过程,由最初的层间错动,发展为顺层蠕滑,最后在坡底剪出而破坏;其破坏型式由最初的顺层滑动逐步向溃曲破坏转化。     

膨润土与石英的粒度分析方法优选

采用淘析法、激光粒度分析法、渗透过滤法、显微镜法对膨润土及石英的粒度进行测量比较分析。实验结果表明：4种方法得到的粒度由大到小依次为淘析法、激光粒度分析法、显微镜法、渗透过滤法;由于凝聚的影响,淘析法与激光粒度分析法测试结果粒度偏大;渗透法分析结果与显微镜法结果较为接近;膨润土在水中崩解的粒度比石英要小,但采用沉降法分离提纯,膨润土比石英更易于团聚,因此在湿法提纯研究中,有必要添加分散剂。     

Spatial Object Aggregation Based on Data Structure,Local Triangulation and Hierarchical Analyzing Method

This paper focuses on the methods and process of spatial aggregation based on semantic and geometric characteristics of spatial objects and relations among the objects with the help of spatial data structure (Formal Data Structure),the Local Constrained Delaunay Triangulations and semantic hierarchy.The adjacent relation among connected objects and unconnected objects has been studied through constrained triangle as elementary processing unit in aggregation operation.The hierarchical semantic analytical matrix is given for analyzing the similarity between objects types and between objects.Several different cases of aggregation have been presented in this paper.     

Testing models for the development of spiral-shaped inclusion trails in garnet porphyroblasts: to rotate or not to rotate, that is the question

Abstract The formation of spiral-shaped inclusion trails (SSITs) is problematical, and the two viable models for their formation involve opposite shear senses along the foliation in which the porphyroblasts are growing. One model argues for porphyroblast rotation, with respect to a geographically fixed reference frame, whereas the other argues for no such porphyroblast rotation, but instead rotation of the matrix foliation around the porphyroblast. Thus, porphyroblasts with SSITs cannot be used as shear-sense indicators until it is conclusively determined which model best explains them.
Any successful model must explain features associated with SSITs, including: (1) foliation truncation zones, (2) smoothly curving SSITs, (3) millipede microstructure, (4) total inclusion-trail curvature in median sections, (5) porphyroblasts with SSITs that have grown together, (6) evidence for relative porphyroblast displacements, (7) shear-sense indicators inside and outside porphyroblasts; (8) crenulations associated with porphyroblasts and (9) geometries in sections subparallel to spiral axes (axes of rotation). A detailed study of these features suggests that most, if not all, can be explained by both the rotational and non-rotational models, in spite of these models involving diametrically opposed movement senses. Therefore, geometrical analysis of individual porphyroblast microstructures may not determine which model best explains SSITs until the kinematics required to form these microstructures are better understood, in particular the sense of shear along a developing crenulation cleavage. Specific tests for determining the shear sense along crenulation cleavages are proposed, and results of such tests may conclusively resolve the debate over how SSITs form.     

中国县域可达性研究——特征及其对人口分布的影响

This paper calculated spatial accessibility of all counties (city,urban district) in China with cost weighted distance method. Region divisions of county accessibility were conducted,and relation of traffic accessibility and population aggregation was discussed in this paper. The results indicated that county accessibility in China had mainly low values and a distribution structure of circle layer and reverse-to-natural gradient. There was an obvious correlation between county accessibility and population density in China. With these analyses,inner mechanisms of population migration in different traffic conditions and region types were revealed,and can provide useful proposals to regional planning,traffic planning and smart distribution of people in China.     

Analysis of the Modes of Aggregation of Scientific Data and Proposals for its Development in China

Scientific data are strategic resources, and the aggregation of scientific data is an important method to seize the upstream and competitive highlands of scientific data. Notably, it is challenging to grasp the international situation and the scientific laws concerning the mode of scientific data aggregation; exploring the modes and methods of scientific data aggregation that are suitable for China's national conditions is also difficult. This paper investigated and analyzed the modes of scientific data aggregation both at home and abroad from the viewpoints of international organizations, international scientific programs, government agencies, and professional data centers. Five modes of scientific data aggregation were summarized, including scientific research projects converging to designated data centers/repositories, scientific research projects dispersing to data centers/repositories, individual scientists submitting datasets to data centers/repositories with published papers, scientific research projects/individual scientists sharing directories/networks, big data computing/processing platform, and citizen science models of open and public convergence. This paper analyzed each mode and the corresponding cases. On this basis, the paper put forward six suggestions for the reasonable aggregation of scientific data in China, including the implementation of the “Measurement of Scientific Data Management”, certification of data aggregation centers, scientific data collection and publishing in journals, construction of data aggregation networks, aggregation of international resources, and construction of the whole data aggregation chain.