A case study of coping strategies and landslides in two villages of Central-Eastern Nepal

Landslides are an increasing problem in Nepal’s Middle Hills due to both natural and human phenomena: mainly increasingly intense monsoon rains and a boom in rural road construction. This problem has largely been neglected due to underreporting of losses and the dispersed nature of landslides. Understanding how populations cope with landslides is a first step toward developing more effective landslide risk management programs. The present research focuses on two villages in Central-Eastern Nepal, both affected by active landslides but with different coping strategies. Research methods are interdisciplinary, based on a geological assessment of landslide risk and a socio-economic study of the villages using household questionnaires, focus group discussions and transect walks. Community risk maps are compared with geological landslide risk maps to better understand and communicate community risk perceptions, priorities and coping strategies. A modified typology of coping strategies is presented, based on previous work by Burton, Kates, and White (1993) that is useful for decision-makers for designing more effective programs for landslide mitigation. Main findings underscore that coping strategies, mainly seeking external assistance and outmigration, are closely linked to access to resources, ethnicity/social status and levels of community organization. Conclusions include the importance of investing in organizational skills, while building on local knowledge about landslide mitigation for reducing landslide risk. There is great potential to increase coping strategies by incorporating skills training on landslide mitigation in existing agricultural outreach and community forest user group training.     

Woodland regeneration in a coastal heathland area in central Norway

The open coastal heathlands in Norway have changed character in recent decades, mainly because traditional practices such as burning, cutting and grazing have been abandoned or reduced. In a project aimed at increasing our knowledge of woodland regeneration in oceanic boreal heathlands, an area on the island of Kalv?ya in the archipelago of Vikna on the extreme outer coast of central Norway has been studied. Kalv?ya has calcareous bedrock; rich heath, rich fens and low-herb woodland cover 20% of the island. Large parts are paludified, and wet heath and mire vegetation cover 60%. The island has not been inhabited, but it was used for summer farming in the latter part of the 19th century and later for stock grazing. The woodland and scrub were mapped using aerial photographs from 1961 and 1981, and by fieldwork in 2001. Vegetation changes were analyzed using GIS techniques. Woodland and scrub increased from 3.0% in 1961, to 4.3% in 1981, to 11.6% in 2001. Betula pubescens is the commonest woody species. The oldest trees are 150 to 175 years old, growing in the most heavily wooded area, far away from the summer farm. In addition to human impact (summer farm, grazing pressure), the geology, terrain (degree of exposure), and climatic factors are important for woodland colonisation and distribution.     

中原经济区建设背景下的科技创新体系研究

中原经济区要建设成为全国"三化"协调发展示范区、全国重要的经济增长板块、全国综合交通枢纽和物流中心、华夏历史文明传承核心区,必须加快自主创新体系建设,提高自主创新能力,充分发挥科技创新的有力支撑作用。科技创新是一类开放的复杂巨系统,其专家系统、技术支撑系统、数据信息系统构成了科技创新体系的内核。通过加强人才培养、引进和使用,推进知识创新体系建设;狠抓科技投入和输出,推动技术创新体系建设;强化政府政策扶持引导,推进制度和管理创新体系建设,必然会推动区域发展由要素驱动向创新驱动转变,必然会推动和促进中原经济区的快速、全面、科学和可持续发展。     

中国东海区海洋倾废管理现状与对策

实现对海洋倾废科学有效管理是保护海洋环境及海洋资源的一项重要内容和主要任务.东海作为我国海洋生产力最大的海区,近年来,随着海洋事业和沿海区域经济的发展,向海上倾倒废弃物的数量和规模都在不断增加.在实际海洋倾倒过程中存在着倾倒区选划利用不合理、违法违规倾倒和执法监管不力等问题,直接影响着东海海洋生态环境平衡与可持续发展.因此,在对1999-2010年东海区海洋倾废活动现状进行全面客观梳理的基础上,就倾倒行为存在的主要问题进行实证分析,并结合东海区沿岸省市海洋发展的情况与对海洋倾倒的实际需求,为实现对海洋倾废合理有效的管理,保护海洋生态环境提出切实可行的对策.     

地市级城镇天气预报制作及传输系统设计与实现

在城镇精细化预报制作和传输特点及需求分析的基础上,阐述了地市级城镇天气预报制作与传输系统的设计思路、功能实现和系统应用.系统选取PowerBuilder 7.0开发环境,PowerScript可视化编程语言,在Windows 2000操作系统上研制而成.由人机交互、预报自动传输和预报查询3个子系统构成,可制作城镇精细化、短时、评分、城区、城区上下班等多项预报,可随时查询利用该系统制作和传输到本地服务器上的各项预报,可用人工与自动两种方式向省局传输所需的预报.该系统为省级以下气象台的预报员提供了一个可靠、高效的预报制作、传输平台,为预报服务人员提供了一个方便、快捷的预报查询平台.     

广西气象部门用友A＋＋财务管理软件系统之研究

用友A＋＋财务管理软件系统是气象部f-j2009年新推出的财务管理软件,较之以前使用的财务管理系统新增加了许多功能。通过对这一系统的研究,把握了高效使用该系统的方法,同时提出了进一步完善A＋＋财务管理系统的看法。     

基于混合系统架构的GIS设计——以新疆南疆地下水资源管理系统为例

地理信息系统在以浏览器为客户端的WebGIS方向发展中必然会遇到交互性能与响应速度问题。本文在采用互联网GIS的前提下,讨论B/S和C/S体系的优劣及在GIS中混合应用的可能性,以此来平衡客户端硬件和服务器的压力,解决大型模型运算时响应速度与计算速度的矛盾,并以新疆南疆地下水资源管理系统为例进行研究。     

浅议基于像素工厂的ADS 80影像处理技术

摄影测量进入数字时代以来,ADS80因其独特的优势逐步成为航摄影像获取的主流平台,对ADS80数据后续快速处理也成为目前数据处理软件研究的重点。本文介绍了基于像素工厂系统快速处理ADS80数据的技术流程和数据处理的主要技术环节,总结了像素工厂系统数据处理的优劣势。通过实际项目实践,验证了基于像素工厂系统处理ADS80数据的可靠性与高效性。     

基于KanqGIS的河南省林业资源综合管理系统设计与应用

针对目前我国林业资源管理分散、数据格式不统一、现有系统无法兼容等现象,在国家林业信息化政策的推动下,本文以河南省林业信息化建设为研究对象,采用KanqGIS平台建设河南省林业资源综合管理系统,实现林业数据处理自动化、林业办公网上自动化和林业信息共享发布。     

A joint dataset of fair-weather atmospheric electricity

A new open access dataset ATMEL2007A (http://ael.physic.ut.ee/tammet/dd/) takes advantage of the diary-type data structure. The dataset comprises the measurements of atmospheric electric field, positive and negative conductivities, air ion concentrations and accompanying meteorological measurements at 13 stations, including 7 stations of the former World Data Centre network. The dataset incorporates more than half a million diurnal series of hourly averages and it can easily be expanded with additional data. The dataset is designed for importing into a personal computer, which makes possible the appending of private data and safely protecting it from public access. Available free software allows extracting data excerpts in the form of traditional data tables or spreadsheets. Examples show how the dataset can be used in the research of the correlations and trends in atmospheric electricity and air pollution.