后遥感应用技术研究与地质实践——以东胜-神木地区铀资源勘查为例

介绍了后遥感应用技术提出的背景及技术构成,阐述了该技术的研究内容及取得的地质成果。实践表明,在地质勘查领域,后遥感应用技术比单一遥感技术具有更大的实用价值和更好的应用效果。     

前方交会法测定建筑物主体倾斜

通过建筑物倾斜观测实例,介绍了应用前方交会法进行倾斜观测的方法、精度要求及注意事项。     

用L-曲线法确定半参数模型中的平滑因子

提出了一种新的方法——L-曲线法确定平滑因子。通过确定合适的平滑因子，更好地控制了残差部分V^TPV与光滑度部分S^TRS之间的平衡，得到了更准确的参数估值。通过算例，将基于L-曲线法确定平滑因子的半参数模型解算方法和其他方法进行了比较。结果表明，用L-曲线法确定平滑因子后，提高了半参数模型计算结果的精度，可以更好地将观测值中的系统误差分离出来。     

Robust biased estimation and its applications in geodetic adjustments

In this paper, a number of robust biased estimators (e.g. ordinary robust ridge estimator, robust principal components estimator, robust combined principal components estimator, robust single-parametric principal components estimator, robust root-root estimator) are established by means of a unified expression of biased estimators and based on the principle of equivalent weight. The most attractive advantage of these new estimators is that they can not only overcome the ill-conditioning of the normal equation but also have the ability to resist outliers. A numerical example is used to illustrate that these new estimators are much better than the least-squares estimator and various biased estimators even when both ill-conditioning and outliers exist. Received: 14 November 1995/Accepted: 11 February 1998     

Applying landscape-ecological concept and GIS modelling for assessing and mapping of ecological situation of mountainous landscapes (on the case of Syunik marz,Armenia)

Regional landscape-ecological studies have acquired a special topicality as they assure efficient environmental conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. A landscape-ecological analysis was performed based on four basic integral indices: (1) ecological potential, (2) ecological stability, (3) ecological load and (4) ecological tension. The values of basic integral indices of the landscape-ecological analysis were calculated as sums of respective factors expressed in scores and multiplied by their significance reflecting coefficients. In agreement with that rule, a formula was derived of calculation of basic indices of landscape-ecological analysis. Subsequently, those factors were integrated by ‘Model Builder’ in ArcGIS applying ‘Weighted Sum’ functions. Finally, through geographic information systems modelling, maps of basic indices of landscape-ecological analysis were produced. In conclusion – ecological potential, stability, load and tension are best indicators for the assessment of the landscape-ecological situation of the studied territory.     

Jason-2高度计数据在中国四大海域的波形重跟踪与分析

在Brown-Hayne模型基础上,利用迭代最小二乘算法实现了回波波形参数的重跟踪,同时利用重心偏移算法(OCOG)、阈值算法对Jason-2 卫星的波形数据在中国渤海、黄海、东海、南海4个海域开展了波形重跟踪试验。试验表明,在4个海域,Brown-Hayne模型法获得的波形重跟踪结果相比较于阈值法、OCOG算法与法国空间局(CNES)公布结果最为一致,相互较差的标准差约2 cm左右。50%阈值算法获得的波形重跟踪结果相比较于其它阈值精度更优,与CNES比较其标准差在3~6 cm,但存在4~10 cm的系统偏差。OCOG算法获得的结果存在较大误差,但其结果可作为Brown-Hayne模型解算的初始值。当卫星地面轨迹靠近大陆时,波形重跟踪获得的海面高改正量会较宽阔海域增大,其中南海区域的海面高改正量最大,可达1 m,其原因可能是卫星地面轨迹经过了西沙群岛,雷达回波波形受到了一定的影响。     

西安市城市部件普查成果质量评价研究

结合西安市城市部件普查成果,根据成果质量表现形式及特征,总结了部件普查成果的质量评价内容和检验方法,并通过实践加以验证,提高数据质量评价准确率,降低数据不当评价的可能性,促进城市部件成果普查技术规范发展,高效广泛应用.     

空间圆拟合方法在地铁洞门坐标计算中的应用

将地铁洞门看成空间圆球体与空间平面相交形成的圆。首先,使用最小二乘法拟合空间洞门所在的平面;然后,利用空间平面方程作为约束条件进行最小二乘法空间圆球体拟合,即可得到空间圆方程并得到圆心坐标与半径;最后,结合上海市12号线洞门检测工程实例验证该方法的有效性。     

POS与DEM辅助机载SAR多普勒参数估计

由于机载SAR多普勒参数受载机不稳定飞行和复杂地形影响明显,目前仍缺少有效的矢量估计法。本文对POS和DEM数据及其误差对机载多普勒参数的影响进行了分析,以距离-共面方程构建的SAR几何关系为基础,在POS和DEM数据支持下,建立了一种多普勒参数矢量估计法,并通过仿真对提出的方法进行了验证和分析。理论和仿真表明,本文方法在高山地形、不稳飞行及大斜视角等复杂条件下,亦能够为机载SAR瞬时多普勒中心提供高精度估计。     

基于分形方法的蚀变矿物多尺度特征分析

针对矿化蚀变信息常常受其他地物信息的干扰与影像空间分辨率的制约而表现得非常微弱的问题,该文以Landsat7号ETM+30m空间分辨率的影像为数据基础,重采样得到一系列不同空间分辨率的影像;运用ETM+波段3/波段1比值法获得铁染蚀变相对含量灰度图,采用分形模型计算出不同分辨率下蚀变矿物的分维值,进而获得分辨率—分维值的一元线性回归方程;最后建立了基于分形理论的蚀变矿物多尺度分析模型,得到蚀变矿物空间分布特征变化的参考尺度。结果表明,在一定尺度范围内(30~280m),蚀变矿物显示出空间尺度特征。